VERB TO BE
SER / ESTAR
Be: Simple Present
CONTRACTION
SUBJECT VERB Affirmative TRANSLATION
PRONOUNS TO BE
I am (I’m) Yo soy, estoy
are
SINGULAR
You (You’re) Tú eres, estás
Él es, está
He is (He’s)
She is (She’s)
Ella es, está
It is (It’s) Eso es, está
We are (We’re) Nosotros somos, estamos
PLURAL
You are (You’re) Ustedes son, están
They are (They’re) Ellos, as son, están
CONTRACTION TRANSLATION
Negative
I’m not Yo no soy, no estoy
You aren’t Tú no eres, no estás
He isn’t Él no es, no está
She isn’t Ella no es, no está
It isn’t Eso no es, no está
We aren’t Nosotros no somos, no estamos
You aren’t Ustedes no son, no están
They aren’t Ellos, as no son, no están
GRAMMATICAL RULES
1
(+) Subject + Verb TO BE + Complement
am /is/are (+) I am at Socavon school
am /is/are
(-) Subject + Verb TO BE + Not + Complement
am /is/are (-) I am not at Socavon school
(?)
Verb TO BE + Subject + Complement
am /is/are
(?) Are you at Socavon school?
Short answers
Yes, Pronoun + VERB TO BE Yes, I’m.
am /is/are
No, Pronoun + VERB TO BE + Not
am /is/are No, I’m not.
PRESENT SIMPLE VERB TO BE
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
I am Lourdes. I am not Lourdes. Am I Lourdes? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
I’m from Brazil. I’ m not Lourdes.
You are in my class. You are not in my class. Are you in my class? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
You’re in my class. You aren’t in my class.
He is from China. He is not from China. Is he from China? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
He’s from China. He isn’t from China.
She is from Spain. She is not from Spain. Is she from Peru? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
She’s from Spain. She isn’t from Spain.
It is good. It is not good. Is it good? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
It’s good. It isn’t good.
We are American. We are not American. Are we American? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t.
We’re American. We aren’t American.
You are Japanese. You are not Japanese. Are you Japanese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
You’re Japanese. You aren’t Japanese.
They are Bolivian. You are not Bolivian. Are they Bolivian? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
They’re Bolivian. You aren’t Bolivian.
