Reading texts about Hospitality Industry

• The objective of the course:

• The trainees should be able to read texts about the hospitality

industry and answer the comprehension and vocabulary questions
• Hospitality industry is a current term to refer to a wide range
of businesses, dedicated to the service of people away from
• Complete the sentences using
home. The industry is concerned with
their accommodation (provision of places to stay),
words from the text:
provision of fare (food at table), transportation (travelling and
tours), and recreation (relaxation and entertainment).
• The institutions which provide these services have undergone • … industry concerns a wide … of businesses.
long evolution from the Roman and Greek taverns to the
modern restaurants (the term was coined by the Parisian
cook Boulanger who called his famous soups "restoratives"),
from the Medieval inns to the modern five-star palace • The …which provide these … have
hotels, from the Persian khans (combination of stables for undergone long evolution.
camels and sleeping places for people) to
modern motels (hotels which provide accommodations for
motorists).
• Motels are … which provide … for motorists.
• Service at these establishments has also undergone changes
from discriminatory feeding (different meals served to the
guests of different rank), the table d'hote ("table of the host"
at which the guests had to eat with the landlord and his • … is different meals served to the guests of
family at a nominal cost) to the ordinaries (eating places that different rank.
served a fixed menu at a fixed price). The nineteenth century
established a custom of eating out (having a good meal at a
res­taurant as a treat) and created concepts such as a la
carte (dishes cooked to order and priced • Ordinaries were eating places that served a
individually), catering (arranging food and drink functions for … … at a … …
big groups of people at a restaurant), institutional food
service (serving members of particular societal institutions,
such as schools, offices, industrial enterprises, etc.).
• The word hospitality comes from "hospice", an old
French word meaning "to provide care and shelter".
The first institutions of this kind, taverns, had existed • What is the origin of the word
long before the word was coined. In Ancient Rome “hospitality”?
they were located on the main roads, to provide food
and fresh horses and overnight accommodation for
officials and couriers of the government with special • What were the first hospitality
documents. The contemporaries proclaimed these institutions?
inns to be "fit for a king". That is why such documents
became a symbol of status and were subject to thefts
and forgeries.
• Where were the first taverns
• Some wealthy landowners built their own taverns on built?
the edges of their estates. Nearer the cities, inns and
taverns were run by freemen or by retired gladiators • What did the taverns provide?
who would invest their savings in this business in the
same way that many of today's retired athletes open
restaurants. Inn­keepers, as a whole, were hardly the • Who built taverns?
Conrad Hiltons of their day. Inns for common folk
were regarded as dens of vice and often served as
houses of pleasure. The owners were required to • What were inns for common folk
report any customers who planned crimes in their regarded as?
taverns. The penalty for not doing so was death. The
death penalty could be imposed merely for watering
the beer! • What penalties are mentioned in
the text?
• After the fall of the Roman Empire, public hospitality for • Fill in the words from the text.
the ordi­nary travelers became the province of religious
orders. In these days, the main purpose of travelling was • The main purpose of travelling was … to the …
pilgrimage to the holy places. The pilgrims preferred to places.
stay in the inns located close to religious sites or even on
the premises of the monasteries. Monks raised their own
provisions on their own grounds, kitchens were cleaner • The pilgrims preferred to stay in the … located
and better organized than in private households. So the
food was often of a quality superior to that found close to… ….
elsewhere on the road.
• As travel increased during the Middle Ages, so did the • Monks raised their own … on their own ….
number of wayside inns. In England, the stagecoach
became the favored method of transportation. A journey
from London to a city like Bath took three days, with
several stopovers at inns or taverns that were also called • The kitchens were better organized than in … ….
"post houses". Guests often slept on mattresses put in
what would be called the lobby, ate what they had
brought with them or what they could purchase from the • The number of … … increased during the
house. The fare was usually bread, meat, and beer, varied Middle Ages.
occa­sionally with fish. Frequently, the main dish served
was a long-cooked, highly seasoned meat-and-vegetable
stew. But the diners who were fre­quenters were not • The … became the favoured method of
choosy, neither did they often question what they were transportation.
eating.
• Modern concept of hospitality began to develop in the
nineteenth century, which saw more innovations in hospitality • 2. Find in the text synonyms to
than in all previous history. The famed Cesar Ritz, whose name
has entered the vocabulary as a synonym for luxury, made the following words:
restaurant dining at London's Savoy almost a must for the
aristocracy of both sexes. He revolutionized hotel restaurants by • Present-day:
offering a list (carte in French) of suggestions available from the
kitchen. This was the beginning of the a la carte menu. The • to improve:
Americans used their special brand of ingenuity to create
something for everyone. In 1848, a hierarchy of eateries existed • Novelty:
in New York City. At the bottom was Sweeney's "sixpenny eating
house" on Ann Street, whose owner, Daniel Sweeney, achieved • Preceding:
questionable fame as the fa­ther of the greasy spoon. Sweeney's
less-than-appetizing fare was lite­rally thrown down to his hungry • Necessity:
customers, who cared little for the social amenities of dining. At
the top of the list was the famous Del-monico's. This restaurant • Suggest:
was known as the most expensive in the country.
• In the nineteenth century, better methods of preserving food • to reach:
through canning and vacuum packing made out-of-season
culinary delights com­monplace. There was also an enormous • Feed:
growth in mass feeding. In schools, until the nineteenth century,
no one had ever considered lunches for schoolchildren, because • Pleasure:
there were so few children who went to school. Canteens for
schoolchildren started in France in 1849. The cafeteria concept • Trivial:
originated in the California Gold Rush, when prospectors, eager
to return to their claims, preferred to stand in line to be served • huge,:
from big communal bowls and pots rather than wait their turn at
table. • Think:
• Reported VS Direct speech
Reported VS Direct speech

Direct speech means to say exactly what someone else said. It is usually put inside quotation marks (". . ."). ...
Reported speech (also called indirect speech) means to say what someone else said, without actually quoting
them.

To convert direct speech to reported speech, we must change all the present tenses in the direct speech to
the corresponding past tenses in the reported speech. Example: Fiona said, "You are late." - Fiona said that I
was late.
When reporting sentences, we should pay attention to the type of
sentences:
• declarative sentences (which are statements)
- <I like ice cream>……….He said that he liked ice cream
• interrogative sentences (which are questions)
- <Do you have money?> …………. He asked me if I had money.
• and imperative sentences (which are orders or requests)
- <sit down, please> ……………….. He asked me to sit down
• The modals in direct speech as will, may, can, shall, have to become
would,might, could, should, had to (their forms in the past)
• Must has no form in the past, it becomes had to ( MUST = HAVE TO)

- < I will go to work tomorrow >…........she said that she would go to work the following day.
- < we have to leave now> ……….he said that they had to leave then

- If the modals used in the direct speech are already in the past forms, they keep their forms
- <They should go home> …………He said that they should go.
- <He might come > ………. She said that he might come
Exercises:
1- Find the reported speech of the following sentences:
• Direct statement Indirect speech
• 1. "I am tired."
• 2. "We often play tennis."
• 3. "I have two children."
• 4. "It is raining outside."
• 5. "I bought her a present
• 6. "I have just cleaned the windows."
• 8. "I will go to Peter's."
• 9. "I can swim very well."
• 10."You may come."
2- Find the reported speech of the following sentences:
• 1. "I have a toothache."
• He said that____________________________________________
• 2. "I will open the window."
• He said that____________________________________________
• 3. "She has gone on holiday."
• He said that____________________________________________
• 4. "Go away!", he said to me.
• He____________________________________________
• 5. "Where is my hat?", he asked me.
• He____________________________________________
• 6. "We're going to the cinema."
• He said that____________________________________________
• 7. "You have to do your best", he said to us.
• He said that ____________________________________________
• 8. "Who will you tell?", he asked me.
• He____________________________________________
• 9. "They should go to the police".
• He said that____________________________________________
• 10. "I don't know."
• He said that____________________________________________