LESSON 6:
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
• Breath
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
Respiration is the sequence of events that results in
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between the atmosphere and the body cells.
RESPIRATION
• EXTERNAL RESPIRATION is an
exchange of gases between the lungs and
the blood.
• INTERNAL RESPIRATION The exchange
of gases between the blood and tissue cells
• CELLULAR RESPIRATION the cells
utilize the oxygen for their specific
activities
COMPONENTS OF
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS INCLUDES THE
FOLLOWING COMPONENTS:
Nose and mouth
Pharynxs (Throat) Larynx (voice box) trachea (wind pipe) bronchi
(two main branch) which lead to the lungs.
Bronchioles (smaller branches) alveoli (air sacks) and blood
capillaries within the lungs.
Alveoli are an important part of the respiratory system whose function
it is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules to and from the
bloodstream. These tiny, balloon-shaped air sacs sit at the very end of
the respiratory tree and are arranged in clusters throughout the lungs.
FUNCTIONS OF
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Gas exchange - oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Breathing- movement of air
• Sound production
• Olfactory assistance- sense of smell
• Protection from dust and microbes body through
mucus production, cilia and coughing
TWO PROCESS
OF BREATHING
1. Inhalation (Breathing) this involves the contraction of
the intercostals and the diaphram. The thoracic cavity
expands and more space is made available for the lungs to
expand.
2. Exhalation (outbreath) it is the reverse of inhalation
process. At this stage the diaphragm and the intercostal
relax pushing against the lungs and reducing the size of
the toracic activity. The decrease in volume increases the
pressure in the lungs and the air is force out from the lungs
back to the athmosphere.
Hyperventilation- is characterized by overbreathing and is typical trigerred by sudden
bouts of intense excitement anxiety and injury. During the hyperventilation, rapid
breathing quickly removes carbon dioxide from the body and is accompanied by
neausea, light-headeness and tingling of the fingers due to change in the ph of the
blood.
Valsalva Manoeuvre - this technical term is used to described force exhalation against
closed airway. This commonly seen during the exercise in weight training, when an
individual hold his/her breath which heightened the pressure 1 the thoracic cavity and
blood
