Tense

Types Of Tense :
There are 3 main types
of tense.
● Past
● Present
● Future
Past Tense
● The past tense is used to describe
an activity or an event that has
happened in the past or a past state
of being and needs to include a time
marker for when the event or action
took place.
Past Tense
 Structural formula:
Subject + verb (2nd form) + object

 Examples:
● We met yesterday.
● He bought a new laptop last week.
Present Tense
● The simple present tense or present
tense is one of the most basic tenses in
English. We use present tense to talk
about something that is currently going
on, something that is habitually
performed, or a state that generally or
currently exists.
Present Tense
 Structural formula:
Subject + verb (s/es) + object

 Examples:
● She lives in Spain.
● Bob drives a taxi.
Future Tense
● The future tense is a verb
tense used to describe an
event or action that has not
yet happened and is expected
to happen in the future.
Future Tense
 Structural formula:
Subject + shall/will+ verb (s/es) + object

 Examples:
● He will be here soon.
Sub-tenses
under
past
Sub-tense of
Simple
past
past : Past
continuous
tense

Past Past
Perfect perfect
Continuous tense
Sub-tenses
under
present
Sub-tense of
Simple
present
present : continuous
Present

tense

Present Present
Perfect perfect
Continuous tense
Sub-tenses
under
future
Sub-tense of
Future
simple
future : continuous
Future

tense

Future Future
Perfect perfect
Continuous tense
Defination,Structure

&
Examples
Past continuous tense
The past continuous tense is used to describe events or actions that
have already occurred in the past. It's employed to describe any
action which has happened in the past.

● Structural formula:

Subject + helping verb (was/were) + verb (ing) + object.

Examples:
● I was watching TV.
● We were sleeping.
● She wasn’t eating her lunch.
Past perfect tense
The past perfect tense is used to describe an event that occurred
before a completed action in the past.

● Structural formula:
Subject + had + verb (ed) + object.

Examples:
● He had gone when she became ill.
● She had not lived in New York.
● They had not been married long when I was born.
Past perfect continuous tense
The past perfect continuous tense represents any action or event that
started in the past and sometimes continued into another action or
another time.

● Structural formula:
Subject + had been + Verb (ing) + object (optional) + time of action.

Examples:
● We had been playing games for 6 hours when Dad came home.
● She had been reading magazines for 1 month before she decided to
apply for the job.
● Had she been washing dishes all day?
Present continuous tense
The present continuous tense is used to talk about the ongoing actions,
events, or conditions that are still not finished.

● Structural formula:

Subject + helping verb (is / am/ are) + main verb (ing) + object.

Examples:
● She is playing basketball.
● Birds are flying in the sky.
● I’m learning English.
Present perfect tense
The present perfect tense is used to describe a situation or event that has
already occurred but has immediate ramifications. The present perfect tense
can be used to describe experiences, and situations that occurred in the past
but still have an influence on the present. We don't use it with time markers.

● Structural formula:
Subject + helping verb (have/has) + verb (ed) + object.

Examples:
● She has not finished her work yet.
● I have seen that movie twice.
● We have visited LA several times.
Present perfect continuous
tense
The present perfect continuous tense shows a situation that has
started in the past and continues in the present.

● Structural formula:
Subject + helping verb (have/has) + been + verb (ing) + object
(optional) + since / for + time duration + object.

Examples:
● I have been learning English for many years.
● He has been working here since 2010.
● We have been saving money.
Future continuous tense
The future continuous tense is used to describe an ongoing action
that will occur or occur in the future.

● Structural formula:

Subject + shall/will be + verb (ing) + object.

Example:
● He will be coming to visit us next week.
● She will be watching TV.
● He will be writing a letter to Mary.
Future perfect tense
The future perfect is used to describe an action that will be
completed between now and a certain point in the future.

● Structural formula:

Subject + shall/will + have + verb (3rd form) + object.

Examples:
● They will have finished the film before we get home.
● She will have cleaned the house by 9pm.
Future perfect continuous
tense
We use the future perfect continuous to focus on the duration of an action
before a specific time in the future.

● Structural formula:

Subject + shall/will + have been + verb (ing) + object (optional) + time

Examples:
● He will have been studying hard for 2 weeks before the exam.
● By the time the alarm goes off, we will have been sleeping for 8 hours.
Trivia
Time
My mother ____ up early in
the morning.
a) get
b) gets
c) will be
d) shall be
My mother ____ up early in
the morning.
a) get
b) gets
c) will be
d) shall be
It ________________ raining since
morning.

a) have been
b) has been
c) is
d) was
It ________________ raining since
morning.

a) have been
b) has been
c) is
d) was
I __________________a letter
when he came to my house.
a) am writing
b) will write
c) was writing
d) wrote
I __________________a letter
when he came to my house.
a) am writing
b) will write
c) was writing
d) wrote
If he works hard he ___________
pass.

a) will
b) shall
c) will be
d) shall be
If he works hard he ___________
pass.

a) will
b) shall
c) will be
d) shall be
Each country is responsible to keep
___________ for peace in region.
a) Work
b) Works
c) Worked
d) Working
Each country is responsible to keep
___________ for peace in region.
a) Work
b) Works
c) Worked
d) Working
If he works hard he ___________
pass.

a) h
deciding
b) decides
c) decide
d) decided
If he works hard he ___________
pass.

a) h
deciding
b) decides
c) decide
d) decided
Thank
You !