Lecture No: 06
Course Title: English 2: Expository Writing
Resource Person: Arbab Fatima
v31394@[Link]
Sentence
Sentence Formation
Sentence Types
Sentence Kinds
What is a Sentence???
“In traditional grammar, it is typically defined as a string of words that expresses
a complete thought, or as a unit consisting of a subject and predicate.”
or
“A group of words that expresses a statement, question, command, or wish.”
Examples:
▪ I am a student.
▪ He and his dog were playing.
▪ University is working day and night for the progress of students.
Subject & Predicate
Predicate is the part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and
stating something about the subject
Sentence Formation
•A new sentence begins with a capital letter.
• He obtained his degree.
•A sentence ends with punctuation (a period, a question mark, or an
exclamation point).
• He obtained his degree.
•A sentence contains a subject that is only given once.
• Smith he obtained his degree.
•A sentence contains a verb or a verb phrase.
• He obtained his degree.
•A sentence follows Subject + Verb + Object word order.
• He (subject) obtained (verb) his degree (object).
•A sentence must have a complete idea that stands alone. This is also
called an independent clause.
• He obtained his degree.
Sentence Formation
Sentence Structure
Types of Sentences
Simple Sentences
A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. (An independent
clause contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.)
1 Subject + 1 Predicate
Examples:
▪ I like coffee.
▪ Mary likes tea.
▪ The earth goes round the sun.
▪ Mary did not go to the party.
Compound Sentences
A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a
conjunction or semicolon. Each of these clauses could form a sentence.
Examples:
▪ I like coffee and Mary likes tea.
▪ Mary went to work but John went to the party.
▪ Our car broke down; we came last.
There are seven coordinating conjunctions:
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
Complex Sentences
A complex sentence consists of an independent clause plus a dependent
clause. (A dependent clause starts with a subordinating conjunction or a
relative pronoun, and contains a subject and verb, but does not express a
complete thought.)
Examples:
▪ When Uncle Musa comes to town, we all have a good time.
•While I am a passionate basketball fan, I prefer football.
•The dog jumped on his lap while he was eating.
Here are some common subordinating conjunctions:
after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until,
when, where, whether, while
Here are the five basic relative pronouns:
that, which, who, whom, whose
Compound-Complex Sentences
A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent
clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Examples:
▪ John didn't come because he was ill so Mary was not
happy.
▪ He left in a hurry after he got a phone call but he came
back five minutes later.
Sentences simple compound complex
▪
1. I like this song.
2. I put the milk in the fridge, and my sister cut the bread.
3. Tina drinks orange juice because it is sweet.
4. While the bath was running, Emma brushed her teeth.
5. They sang at the party, and they stayed up late.
6. Does your mom take cream in her coffee, or does she prefer
milk?
7. The trees lose their leaves.
8. Superheroes save the world while the rest of us sleep.
9. We all have to start over because you broke the rules.
10. Mitch plays with blocks.
11. Mitch plays with blocks, and John plays with toy soldiers.
12. Mitch plays with blocks while he waits for his dad.
Sentences simple compound complex
1. I like this song.
✔
✔
2. I put the milk in the fridge, and my sister cut the bread.
✔
3. Tina drinks orange juice because it is sweet.
4. While the bath was running, Emma brushed her teeth.
✔
5. They sang at the party, and they stayed up late.
✔
6. Does your mom take cream in her coffee, or does she prefer milk?
✔
7. The trees lose their leaves.
✔
8. Superheroes save the world while the rest of us sleep.
✔
9. We all have to start over because you broke the rules.
✔
10. Mitch plays with blocks.
✔
11. Mitch plays with blocks, and John plays with toy soldiers.
✔
✔
12. Mitch plays with blocks while he waits for his dad.
