COURSE AUDIT PROGRAM

JUNE 21, 2022

5:00 PM – 9:00 PM
DR. ROGER P. RAMOS
Facilitator
CHILD AND
ADOLESCENT
DEVELOPMENT AND
FACILITATING
LEARNING
1. What concept can best describe Matthew’s
ability to walk without a support at age of 12
months because of the internal ripening that
occurred in his muscles, bones and nervous
development?

A. Development
B. Growth
C. Learning
D. Maturation
2. Which of the following learner’s
characteristics will affect most of the
learners learning in the academic areas?

A. His affective characteristics

B. His psychomotor characteristics
C. His cognitive characteristics
D. His socio-emotional characteristics
3. Which statement on physical
development in infants and toddlers are
TRUE? The cephalocaudal growth
pattern shows _____.
A. development of the upper limbs before the lower
limbs
B. development of the lower limbs before the upper
limbs
C. simultaneous development of the upper and lower
limbs
D. development of the muscular control of trunk and
arms before the fingers
4. Which statement below best describes
development?

A. A high school student’s height increased from

5’2 to 5’4
B. A high school student’s change in weight from
110 lbs. to 125 lbs.
C. A student learned to operate his computer
D. A student’s enlargement of hips
5. This includes changes in individual’s
relationships with other people, changes in
emotions and changes in personality.

A. cognitive process
B. biological process
C. socio-emotional process
D. all of the above
6. As normal infant and toddler, which
physical development did you go through?
A. Development of the motor skills from outward
to the center
B. Development of motor skills from the center of the
body outward
C. Development of the lower limbs before the upper limbs
D. Simultaneous development of the limbs and trunk
body
7. In terms of their emotional behavior, babies respond to
strange and unusual objects with a general fear. Later,
their fears become more specific and are more
characterized by different types of behavior. Which of the
following principles is illustrated by this situation?

A. Development follows a general pattern

B. Development follows an orderly fashion
C. Development proceeds from specific to general
response
D. Development proceeds from general to specific
response
8. Which of the following principles sets the
rational for the institutionalization of early
childhood education?

A. There are expectations in the development patterns.

B. Early development is more crucial than later
development.
C. Development is the product of maturation and
learning.
D. Every area of development has potential hazards.
9. No matter how much Teacher Aldo tries to
teach Guia, 6 years old, the concept of fraction,
he just can’t succeed. What could be the reason
for this?

A. Teacher Aldo is male.

B. Guia is not yet physically mature.
C. Guia may not be fully ready yet for such a task.
D. Teacher Aldo may not have considered the principle
that individual’s stage of development has certain
hazards.
10. Dr. Escoto, the school physician conducted a
physical examination in Mrs. Manuel’s class.
What concept best describes the quantitative
increase observed by Dr. Escoto among the
learners in terms of height and weight?

A. Development
B. Growth
C. Learning
D. Maturation
11. Which of the following statements best
describes the relative significance of heredity and
environment upon the child’s development
pattern?

A. The role of heredity is clearly dominant.

B. Environment is more important than heredity.
C. Both play an insignificant role.
D. The relation between heredity and environment can
best be explained as an interaction.
12. Which situation best illustrates the
concept of growth?
A. A kinder pupil gains 2 pounds within two months
B. A high school student gets a score of 85 in a mental
ability test
C. An education student has gained knowledge on
approaches and strategies in teaching different subjects
D. An elementary graders has learned to play piano
13. A grade 6 twelve-year-old boy comes from a
dysfunctional family and has been abused and neglected.
He has been to orphanages and three different
elementary schools. He can decode at the second grade
level, but he can comprehend orally materials at the
fourth or fifth grade level. The most probable causes of
this student’s reading problem is/are _____.

A. immaturity
B. neurological factors
C. emotional factors
D. poor teaching
14. “Girls mature faster than boys”. Which
principle of development of human
development supports this?

A. Growth follow a pattern

B. Maturation precedes learning
C. Developmental rates vary
D. Every stage of development has characteristic
traits
15. Teacher Shirley always considers the
family backgrounds of her students to
better understand them. Which principle is
considered?
A. Maturation precedes learning
B. Development rates vary among individuals
C. Each stage of development has characteristic traits
D. Development of an organism is the result of the
interaction of heredity and environment
16. Human development begins in this
stage.

A. Birth
B. Conception
C. Schooling
D. Early childhood
17. In chronological order, arrange the stages of
pre-natal development in human growth.

I. Fertilization of zygote
II. Blastocyst attaches to the wall of the uterus
III. Male sperm and female egg chromosome unite
IV. Zygote divides to cells from 2 to 4 to 128

A. I, II, III and IV

B. IV, III, II and I
C. III, I, II and IV
D. III, I, IV and II
18. When is physical growth
fastest?

A. Infancy
B. Early Childhood
C. Adolescence
D. Late adolescence
19. All of the following analogies represent
the right correlation between processes
and changes in human development except
for:

A. cognitive: thought
B. emotional: mood
C. social: relationship
D. biological: language
20. What is the correct sequence of the
periods of pre-natal development?

A. fetal, germinal, embryonic

B. embryonic, fetal, germinal
C. germinal, embryonic, fetal
D. embryonic, germinal, fetal
21. The fourth year high school
student is in the developmental stage
of _____.

A. late childhood
B. pre-adolescence
C. adolescence
D. early childhood
22. Liza and Lida are identical twins who got orphaned at
4 years old. They were separated and raised by families of
different socio-economic status. After a few years,
difference in their academic performance was noted.
What explains this difference?

A. difference in intelligence
B. difference in nature
C. difference in genetic
D. difference in nurturing
23. This is a time for work and a time for
love, sometimes leaving little time for
anything else.

A. early adulthood
B. adolescence
C. middle adulthood
D. late adulthood
24. As a high school teacher, which of the
following should you expect in the
adolescent’s developmental task?

A. Achieving masculine and a feminine social role

B. Developing attitudes towards social groups or
situations
C. Getting started in an occupation
D. Taking civic responsibility
25. According to Robert Havighurst’s
developmental tasks, reaching and maintaining
satisfactory performance in one’s occupational
career is supposed to have been attained during
_____.

A. Early adulthood
B. Middle adulthood
C. Old age
D. Adolescence
26. It is a time of extreme dependence
on adults. Many physiological
activities are just beginning.

A. Pre-natal
B. Infancy
C. Early childhood
D. Middle childhood
27. The following are the developmental
tasks in adolescence except one, which one
is it?

A. accepting one’s physique

B. preparing for an economic career
C. selecting a mate
D. achieving mature relations with both sexes
28. Which among the following is a
developmental task under later maturity?

A. selecting a mate
B. learning sex differences and sexual
modesty
C. achieving adult social and civic
responsibility
D. adjusting to decreasing health
29. This corresponds to preschool
years.

A. Infancy
B. Early childhood
C. Late childhood
D. Prenatal
30. The major features of the prenatal
stage is the development in _____.

A. social
B. physical
C. motor
D. intellectual
31. According to Erik Erikson, the
psychological stages of human
development start from _____ to _____.

A. birth: death
B. infancy: adulthood
C. early childhood: adolescence
D. minority: seniority
32. The conflict faced by an individual
at every stage of psychosocial
development is developmental _____.

A. equilibrium
B. changes
C. crisis
D. confusion
33. When a child is often left crying for a
long time, he/she will soon develop _____
among people around him.

A. shame
B. mistrust
C. anxiety
D. autonomy
34. Children learn to be self-sufficient in many
activities such as toilet training, walking, and
exploring. If restrained too much they learn to
doubt their abilities and feel humiliated.

A. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

B. Industry vs Inferiority
C. Intimacy vs Isolation
D. Trust vs Mistrust
35. This virtue is the capacity for action
despite a clear understanding of one’s
limitations and past failures common to 3-
6-year-old children.

A. hope
B. courage
C. wisdom
D. fidelity
36. According to Erikson, what reason can
explain behind a person inhibited from taking
a role, a challenge or opportunity and reason
out that “nothing ventured, nothing lost”?

A. Antipathy
B. Inhibition
C. Sociopathy
D. Malignancy
37. Raymond gets a lot of pleasure from
working. Based on Erik Erikson’s
Psychosocial Theory of Development, this
act of Raymond shows _____.

A. Intimacy
B. Trust
C. Industry
D. Identity
38. This is a maladaptation in early
adulthood which refers to the tendency to
become intimate too freely, too easily
without any depth to intimacy.

A. promiscuity
B. exclusion
C. overextension
D. fanaticism
39. Young adult form intimate
relationships with others or become
alone because of a failure to do so.

A. Autonomy vs shame and doubt

B. Industry vs inferiority
C. Intimacy vs isolation
D. Trust vs mistrust
40. This is the virtue in late
adulthood.

A. love
B. hope
C. Fidelity
D. wisdom
41. In Piaget’s Cognitive Development, when a mother
explains to the child that “cats unlike dogs, do not bark,”
the child is in the process of creating a new cognitive
structure. What term did Piaget use to describe the
child’s cognitive experience?

A. Accommodation
B. Assimilation
C. Equilibrium
D. Schema
42. Joey, seven-year old girl, knows how to
arrange objects or things according to weight,
shape, color or size. Joey as a young learner has
already developed which concept according to
Jean Piaget?

A. Conservation
B. Decentering
C. Reversibility
D. Seriation
43. When Anton was 5 months old, he looked at a
toy train; but when his view of the train was
blocked, he did not search for it. Now that he is 9
months old, he does search for it, reflecting his
development of the concept of:

A. object permanence
B. animism
C. assimilation
D. conservation
44. A child who can solve abstract
problems in logical fashion is in the
_____ stage.

A. sensorimotor
B. preoperational
C. concrete
D. formal
45. In order to gain basic understanding of
the environment, the individual uses
exploration thru motor capabilities. This is
seen in _____.

A. sensorimotor
B. preoperational
C. concrete
D. formal
46. In the formal operational stage, which is/are
adolescents capable of doing to solve a problem?
I. Formulate hypotheses
II. Systematically test hypotheses
III. Reason out

A. I, II and III
B. I and II
C. II only
D. III only
47. The Piagetian stage characterized by the
ability to use symbols and words to think,
intuitive problem-solving, but thinking limited
by rigidity, centration, and egocentrism.

A. Concrete operations
B. Formal operations
C. Pre-operational
D. Sensorimotor
48. The Piagetian stage, characterized by
the ability to develop goal-directed
behavior, means-end thinking, and object
permanence.

A. Concrete operations
B. Formal operations
C. Pre-operational
D. Sensorimotor
49. Piagetian stage characterized by the
development of logical operations for
seriation, classification, and conservation.
Thinking is tied to real events and objects.

A. Concrete operations
B. Formal operations
C. Pre-operational
D. Sensorimotor
50. Piagetian stage characterized by the
development of abstract systems of thought that
allow them to use propositional logic, scientific
reasoning and proportional reasoning.

A. Concrete operations
B. Formal operations
C. Pre-operational
D. Sensorimotor
51. This is the support or assistance that lets the
child accomplish a task he cannot accomplish
independently.

A. Scaffolding
B. Prior Knowledge
C. Schema
D. Schemata
52. Mr. Flores always gives clues, example, and
any form of encouragement to make his students
grow as independent learner.

A. Motivation
B. Assimilation
C. Integration
D. Scaffolding
53. Vygotsky claimed that social interaction is
important for learning. What does this imply?

A. Since they not capable of interaction, children

in the crib have no learning yet.
B. Children learn well by passive representation
of information.
C. Children learn from adults and other
children.
D. Children are independent problem solvers.
54. This is referred to by Vygotsky as the
difference between an individual can learn
unassisted and the learning that could be
achieved with support from a more
knowledgeable person.

A. Scaffolding
B. Transductive reasoning
C. Zone of proximal development
D. All of the above
55. Teacher H begins a lesson on tumbling by
demonstrating front and back somersaults in slow
motion and physically guiding his students through
correct movements. As his students become more
skillful, he stands back from the mat and gives verbal
feedback about how to improve. With Vygotsky’s theory
in mind, what did teacher H do?

A. Guided Participation
B. Peer Interaction
C. Apprenticeship
D. Scaffolding
56. Which is essential in the cognitive
development of persons according to Vygotsky?

A. Independent Thinking
B. Social Interaction
C. Individual Mental work
D. Scientific thinking
57. Which of the following is true according to
Vygotsky?

A. Knowledge is individually constructed

B. Knowledge is constructed between people as
they interact
C. Knowledge is gained through reinforcement
D. Knowledge is gained in a passive manner
58. One learns Math by building on Math
lessons previously learned. This is an application
of the ________ theory.

A. Physiological
B. S-R
C. Constructivist
D. Humanist
59. The theme of Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory
emphasizes the role of appropriate assistance given by
the teacher to accomplish a task. Such help enables the
child to move from the zone of actual development to a
zone of proximal development. Such assistance is
termed_________.

A. Competency Technique
B. Active Participation
C. Scaffolding
D. Collaboration
60. Which is the ideal stage of moral
development?

A. Social Contact
B. Universal Ethical Principle
C. Law and Order
D. Good boy/Good girl
61. Mark stole a bar of chocolate form a
convenience store when he was very hungry. He
doesn’t think he did anything wrong since no
one noticed him stealing. Mark is probably in
which Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?

A. Preconventional
B. Conventional
C. Post-conventional
D. B and C
62. Ricky does everything to get passing grades
because his Mom will take his play station away
if he gets bad grades.

A. Punishment-obedience
B. Mutual Benefit
C. Social Approval
D. Law and Order
63. A civic action group protests the use of pills
for family planning saying that although the
government allows this, it is actually murder
because the pills are abortifacient ( Causes
abortion).

A. Law and order

B. Social order
C. Universal Principles
D. Social Approval
64. John decides to return the wallet he found in
the canteen because he believes it’s the right
thing to do.

A. Law and Order

B. Social Order
C. Universal Principles
D. Social Approval
65. Karen decides to return the wallet she found
in the canteen so that people will praise her
honesty and think she’s a nice girl.

A. punishment-obedience
B. mutual benefit
C. social approval
D. law and order
66. Individuals define their moral values based
on their individual conscience instead of what
authorities or the social order expects them.
What level of Kohlberg’s moral development do
these individuals belong to?

A. post-conventional
B. conventional
C. pre-conventional
D. formal
67. Jinky lets Hannah copy during math test
because Hannah agreed to let her copy during
sibika test.

A. punishment-obedience
B. mutual benefit
C. social approval
D. law and order
68. When Mika is asked why she should not hit
her brother, she responds “Because Mommy
says so and if I do I will get yelled at.” Mika’s
level of moral development which of Kohlberg’s
level?

A. pre-conventional
B. conventional
C. post-conventional
D. autonomous morality
69. Billy knows that when he goes out to dinner
he needs to follow certain rules and mind his
manners at the table. Such standards are
example of:

A. moral rule
B. conventional rule
C. post-conventional rule
D. pre-conventional rule
70. If an infant is denied oral satisfaction, he/she
may experience later oral symptoms such as
overeating, smoking, or dependency on others.
The term best describes this is:

A. anal expulsive
B. anal retentive
C. oral aggressive
D. oral receptive
71. As an adult, Cindy is uptight and extremely
rigid, often unwilling to make even small
adjustments in her schedule. Cindy is described
in Freudian term as _____.

A. anal expulsive
B. anal retentive
C. oral aggressive
D. oral receptive
72. Oedipus and Electra complexes are
reactivated at this stage but directed toward
other persons of the opposite sex. Which stage is
this according to Freud?

A. anal
B. phallic
C. latency
D. genital
73. A boy is closer to his mother and a girl is
closer to her father. These instances are under
_____.

A. oedipal complex
B. latent stage
C. phallic stage
D. pre-genital stage
74. When a little girl who says she wants her
mother to go on vacation so that she can marry
her father, Freud believes that he is voicing a
fantasy consistent with?

A. Oedipus Complex
B. Theory of the mind
C. Electra Complex
D. Crisis of Initiative vs Guilt
75. Psychosexual development that occurs
between the ages 3 and 6. The source of pleasure
is the genitals.

A. Phallic
B. Genital
C. Latency
D. Oral
76. Described as the final stage of human sexual
development. According to Freud’s theory, this
stage begins at puberty and constitutes mature
adult sexuality.

A. phallic
B. genital
C. latency
D. oral
77. According to Freud, all that we are aware of
is in the _____ level.

A. conscious
B. unconscious
C. subconscious
D. nonconscious
78. Based on Freud’s theory, which operate/s
when a student strikes a classmate at the height
of anger?

A. Id
B. Superego
C. Ego
D. Id and Ego interact
79. “Do not cheat. Cheating does not pay. If you
do, you cheat yourself” says the voice from
within you. In the context of Freud’s theory,
which is/are at work?

A. Id
B. Superego
C. Ego
D. Id and Ego interact
80. A child was punished for cheating in an
exam. For sure the child won’t cheat again in
short span of time, but this does not guarantee
that the child won’t cheat ever again. Based on
Thorndike’s theory on punishment and
learning, this shows that _____.

A. punishment strengthens a response

B. punishment remove a response
C. punishment doesn’t remove a response
D. punishment weakens a response
81. In classical conditioning, the natural and
unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus
(UCS) is known as the:

A. unconditioned stimulus
B. conditioned stimulus
C. unconditioned response
D. conditioned response
82. What is a reinforcer?

A. any event that strengthens or increases a

response
B. something the individual finds pleasant
C. anything that decreases a response
D. an incentive
83. Soc exhibits fear response to freely roaming
dogs but does not show fear when a dog is on
leash or confined to a pen. Which conditioning
process is illustrated?

A. Generalization
B. Acquisition
C. Extinction
D. Discrimination
84. If a child is bitten by a large, black dog, the
child may fear not only that black dog but also
other large dogs. Which conditioning process is
illustrated?

A. Generalization
B. Discrimination
C. Acquisition
D. Extinction
85. Teacher D claims: “If I have to give
reinforcement, it has to be given immediately
after the response.” Which theory supports
Teacher D?

A. Operant
B. Cognitive theory
C. Social-cognitive theory
D. Humanist theory
86. Learning has taken plance when a strong
bond between stimulus and response is formed.
This is based on the theory of _____.

A. constructivist
B. predisposition
C. categorization
D. connectionism
87. Teachers are very much aware of the need of
motivation before discussing the main lesson.
This is anchored on which of Thorndike’s laws
of learning?

A. Law of Readiness
B. Law of Exercise
C. Law of Effect
D. Law of Recency
88. Observational learning has four major
processes. This process involves the actual
performance of an observed behavior.

A. reinforcement
B. attention
C. retention
D. motor reproduction
89. The sudden reappearance of a response after
a period of extinction is called:

A. stimulus generalization
B. stimulus discrimination
C. extinction
D. spontaneous recovery
90. Which of these does not belong to
Bronfenbrenner’s microsystem as a factor of
human development?

A. Family
B. School
C. Peers
D. Local Politics
91. Of the five different levels of environment in
Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, which is the
closest to the learner and the most influential?

A. microsystem
B. mesosystem
C. macrosystem
D. exosystem
92. Which is an example of a child’s mesosystem
that does not work favorably for the child?

A. The child is not in good terms with his peers.

B. There is so much hostility at home.
C. The child’s parent and teacher are at odds.
D. The child is sickly.
93. Which is an example of a child’s exosystem
that does not work favorably for the child?

A. A child gets bullied in school.

B. Mother gets a job promotion and so has less
time for supervision of her child’s homework.
C. The teacher plays favorites.
D. The child is asthmatic.
94. The anxiety of a child whose father belongs
to the army increases every time his father
leaves for duty. This proves that a child’s
environment, particularly affects a child’s
development.

A. microsystem
B. mesosystem
C. exosystem
D. macrosystem
95. A Filipino Masters degree graduate is surprised to
know that he cannot proceed to the doctorate program
applied for in Louvain, Belgiu, because of the short year
basic education. Based on Bronfenbrenner’s theory, to
which system in environment can this be attributed?

A. Mesosystem
B. Exosystem
C. Chronology system
D. Macrosystem
96. Based on his ecological theory, which would be
statements from Bronfenbrenner.
I. Recognize that the school cannot work in isolation
II. Schools must connect with communities
III. Create a situation where the kids are more part of
the community

A. I and II
B. I, II and III
C. II and III
D. I and III
97. Twelve-year-old Kevin lives a country with
very low governmental standards for public
education. As a result, he is barely literate. The
public policies that impact Kevin’s education are
part of the _____.

A. chronosystem
B. macrosystem
C. mesosystem
D. microsystem
98. Which of the following is a teaching implications of
Ecological Systems Theory?

A. anticipate students’ progression through his eight

stages of human development
B. emphasize the need to socialize and interact with
others to learn
C. validate that each child is unique and independent
from his family and environment
D. take into accout the changing nature of society and
society’s influence on the student
99. This is one of Bronfenbrenner’s four social
levels or systems which refers to the relationship
between home and school, and parents and
friends.

A. microsystem
B. chronosystem
C. exosystem
D. mesosystem
100. In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which is
the highest level of need?

A. Esteem
B. Safety
C. Social
D. Self-actualization
101. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs includes all of
the following needs except:

A. Physiological
B. Psychological
C. Belongingness
D. Self-actualization
102. Before belonging needs can be met, which of
the following must be met first?

A. Esteem
B. Physiological
C. Self-Actualization
D. None of these, belonging is first
103. States that in all possible organizations that
could be perceived from a visual stimulus, the
one that will most likely occur is the one that
possesses the best, simplest and most stable form.

A. similarity
B. closure
C. proximity
D. pragnanz
104. This law states that things that are near each
other are tend to be grouped together.

A. Law of continuity
B. Law of proximity
C. Law of similarity
D. Law of closure
105. This law states that incomplete figures tend
to be perceived as complete.

A. Law of continuity
B. Law of proximity
C. Law of similarity
D. Law of closure
106. Which psychological theory states that the
mind insists on finding patterns in things that
contribute to the development of insight?

A. Piaget’s psychology
B. Gestalt psychology
C. Kohlberg psychology
D. Bruner’s psychology
107. According to gestalt school of thought _____.

A. an individual perceives things as a whole

B.reinforcement and rewards can change
behavior
C. an individual learns from experiences
D. none of these
108. The organization of the visual field into
figures and background is called:

A. gestalt perceptions
B. perceptual sets
C. figure-ground relationships
D. grouping principles
109. Which group of pscyhologists researched
how we organize perceptual experiences into the
whole perception?

A. Behavioral psychologists
B. Structural psychologists
C. Gestalt psychologists
D. Perceptual psychologists
110. According to the principle of similarity,
objects that look similar are likely to be perceived
as:

A. belonging in the same group

B. constant in color and shape
C. farther away than unique, dissimilar objects
D. occluding retinal disparity
111. The most basic Gestalt grouping principle
that involves seeing items that resemble each
other as part of the same group is:

A. context
B. continuity
C. figure-ground
D. similarity
112. Because the two teams wore uniforms of
different colors, Kathy perceived the ten different
basketball players as two distinct groups. This
best illustrates the principle of:

A. closure
B. color constancy
C. proximity
D. similarity
113. If you briefly saw a picture of your mother’s
face but part of the picture was missing, your
brain might fill in the missing piece of the visual
image because of which Gestalt principle?

A. closure
B. color constancy
C. proximity
D. similarity
114. You present the learners with pictures of a
fireman, a fire engine, and a burning house. You
also have the sound of a siren playing in the
background. You are trying to:

A. elicit performance from the learners

B. provide guidance for the learners
C. have the learners recall information
D. gain attention of the learners
115. You tell the learners that in today’s class,
they must pay careful because they will be
learning about fire safety and steps they should
take in case of a fire. You are:
A. providing learner guidance
B. informing the learners of the objective of the
instruction
C. enhancing the learner’s retention of your
instruction
D. presenting stimulus material to the learners
116. You show the learners a short movie clip that
demonstrates the practice of stop, drop and roll if
clothing catches a fire. You are:

A. providing feedback to the learners

B. enhancing learner retention of the instruction
C. presenting stimulus material to the learners
D. providing learner guidance
●
117. You assist the learners in designing posters that will
help them to teach their family members the stop, drop
and roll technique. As posters are designed, you make
sure that the students understand each step in the
process. You are:

A. providing feedback to the learners

B. providing learner guidance
C. assessing learner performance
D. gaining attention of the learners
118. You have each of the students demonstrate stop, drop
and roll techniques in front of the group. You ask the
learners to pay careful attention to each other’s
performances and to be ready to offer helpful hints to
make things better. You are:

A. enhancing retention of the instruction

B. recalling information learned previously
C. eliciting performance
D. presenting stimulus material
119. On the next class day, you have students
perform the stop, drop and roll technique for
you. You also ask the learners to list five
important reminders about Fire Safety. You are:

A. assessing performance
B. providing feedback
C. presenting stimulus material
D. recalling information
120. According to the information processing
theory, information moves from _____ to
working memory, to long-term memory.

A. sensory memory
B. short-term memory
C. episodic memory
D. permanent memory
121. Which is true of sensory register?

A. processes information
B. encodes information for future retrieval
C. is the input from the environment
D. is the last stage of human memory
122. Short-term memory is sometimes referred to as
working memory because:
A. in order to hold information in short-term memory, we
must use it
B. it takes effort to move information from sensory
memory to short-term memory
C. it is the only part of our memory system that we must
actively engaged to retrieve previously learned
information
D. creating short term memories is a difficult taks
requiring lot of practice
123. The simplest way to maintain information in
short-term memory is to repeat the information
in a process called

A. chunking
B. rehearsal
C. revision
D. recall
124. Memory researchers define forgetting as the:

A. inability to retain information in working memory

long enough to make use of it
B. sudden loss of information after head trauma
C. inability to retrieve information from long-term
memory
D. process by which information is lost in transit from
short-term memory to long-term memory
125. Pre-natal development begins from
conception to birth when a sperm unites with an
ovum to form a single cell called:

A. chromosomes
B. embryo
C. mitosis
D. zygote
126. The following are the developmental tasks
under Early Adulthood except:

A. selecting a mate
B. taking on civic responsibility
C. getting started in occupation
D. developing adult leisure time activities
127. Which among the following is achieved
during the Middle Childhood stage?

A. social independence
B. personal independence
C. economic independence
D. emotional independence
128. Most Filipino parents have the tendency to
be overprotective about their children. If this
tendency goes way beyond the reasonable level,
the children could:

A. become independent
B. have a feeling of competence
C. have a sense of shame and doubt
D. become more active than passive
129. Erikson’s stages of development focus on:

A. hierarchy of needs
B. conflicts throughout lifespan
C. pleasurable erogenous zones
D. infancy and childhood development needs
130. Yeri, seven-year old girl, knows how to
arrange objects or their things according to
weight, shape, color or size. Yeri as a young
learner has already developed which concept
according to Jean Piaget?
A. conservation
B. decentering
C. reversibility
D. seriation
131. Of Piaget’s cognitive concepts, which refers
to the process of fitting new experiences to a
previously created structure or schema?

A. assimilation
B. schema
C. accommodation
D. equilibrium
132. At what level of Kohlberg’s stages of moral
development is Little Jaemin who behaves well to
get a strawberry jelly from her teacher?

A. pre-conventional
B. conventional
C. post conventional
D. can’t be determined
133. Jun is motivated to improve his
metacognitive skills. Which of the following ways
does not advance metacognition?

A. accepting new knowledge

B. assessing one’s own thinking
C. learning how to study
D. learning to organize thoughts
134. Last Song Syndrome (LSS) happens when you
cannot sing any other songs because a more recent and
popular song keeps on playing in your mind. Based on
Information Processing Model, this happens because new
information is blocking out old information. This
phenomenon is known as:

A. memory decay
B. proactive interference
C. retroactive interference
D. repression
135. Joy, a seven-year-old girl, wants to become a
KPOP idol someday. She always uses her hair
brush as her mic and perform her favorite song,
Lovesick Girls, in front of her mother. What pre-
operational ability did Joy manifest?

A. symbolic function
B. transductive reasoning
C. animism
D. egocentrism
136. Sungjae is aware that he studies more
effectively and works better in a quiet library
rather than at home where there are a lot of
distractions. Among the categories of
metacognitive knowledge, which is/are
exemplified in this situation?
A. person variable
B. task variable
C. strategy variable
D. all of the above
137. Irene is well acquainted with the songs Nobody, Way
Back Home, Colors, but she did not know, until she was
told, that these were all KPOP songs. What process of
meaningful learning is exemplified?

A. derivative subsumption
B. correlative subsumption
C. superordinate learning
D. combinatorial learning
138. Jennie repeats the information she just
learned verbatim, either mentally or aloud. What
method for increasing information did she use?

A. context
B. rehearsal
C. elaboration
D. personalization
139. Which of the following describes the maladaptive
tendency in middle adulthood?

A. The person believes that he alone is right.

B. The person becomes very negative and appears to hate
life.
C. The person does not participate in activities or
contribute to society.
D. They no longer allow time for themselves, for rest and
relaxation.
140. What is Oedipus complex?
A. Girls developing unconscious sexual attraction
towards their father.
B. Boys developing unconscious sexual attraction
towards their father.
C. Girls developing unconscious sexual desire for
their mother.
D. Boys developing unconscious sexual desire for
their mother.
141. Children in concrete-operational stage think logically but only
in terms of concrete objects. Which of the following is an example of
this?

A. Child perceives different features of objects and situation.

B. Child perceives the relationship in one instance and then use that
relationship to narrow down possible answers in another similar
situation/problem.
C. Child thinks logically by applying a general rule to a particular
instance or situation.
D. Reasoning appears to be from particular to particular: a causes b,
then b causes a
142. Which of the following describes the malignant
tendency in the eighth stage?

A. This person cannot believe anyone would mean them

harm.
B. Characterized by depression, paranoia and possible
psychosis.
C. The person becomes very negative and appears to hate
life.
D. The person believes that he alone is right.
143. If parents are there the minute the first cry
come out, will lead the baby into the maladaptive
tendency which Erikson calls:

A. hope
B. fanaticism
C. presumption
D. sensory maladjustment
144. Which of the following virtues below is
developed if you get a proper, positive balance of
industry vs. inferiority?

A. competency
B. willpower
C. courage
D. hope
145. The person feels as if everything must be
done perfectly; mistakes must be avoided at all
costs. This describe the malignant tendency in
stage:

A. 8 – Integrity vs Despair
B. 7 – Generativity vs Stagnation
C. 3 – Initiative vs Guilt
D. 2 – Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
146. What is a measurable limitation that
interferes with a person’s ability?

A. disability
B. handicap
C. impairment
D. all of the above
147. Kohlberg identified six stages of moral reasoning
into three major levels. Which of the following correctly
describes the third stage?

A. The person will follow the law because it is the law.

B. One is motivated to act by the benefit that one may
obtain later.
C. The person acts because he/she gives importance on
what people will think or say.
D. One is motivated by fear of punishment. He will act
in order to avoid punishment.
148. With Mildred Parten’s stages of play in mind, which of the
following describes associative play?

A. The child plays with toys similar to those near him, but only
plays beside and not with them. No interaction takes place.
B. The child plays with others. There is interaction among them, but
no task assignment, rules and organization agreed upon.
C. The child plays alone, with toys different from those of others,
and be uninterested or unaware of what others around them are
doing.
D. The child plays with others bound by some agreed upon rules
and roles. The goal is maybe to make something, play a game or act
out something.
149. Addicts who recover in the context of a drug
treatment facility may experience a resurgence of
craving for their drug of choice once they leave the
facility and come into contact with people, places or
things associated with the drug. In classical conditioning,
this is called:

A. generalization
B. discrimination
C. spontaneous recovery
D. extinction
150. Ni-ki automatically salivates at the thought of an ice
cream. The ice cream in this situation represents the:

A. unconditioned response
B. unconditioned stimulus
C. conditioned response
D. conditioned stimulus
151. When the learner reaches a point where no further
improvements can be expected, he is in a so-called:

A. development crisis
B. learning plateau
C. regression
D. repression
152. In the cognitive and metacognitive factors, what
process is involved when the learner is able to link new
information and experiences in meaningful ways?

A. construction of knowledge
B. goal-directed learning process
C. learning of complex subject matter
D. strategic thinking process
153. When the successful learner can create and use
repertoire of thinking and reasoning ways to achieve
complex learning goals, what cognitive and
metacognitive factors is involved?

A. nature of learning process

B. goals of the learning process
C. strategic thinking process
D. context of learning process
154. Which of the following does not intrinsically
motivate and influence the learner to learn?

A. emotional state
B. interests and goals
C. habits of thinking
D. high scholastic ratings
155. Below are the six aspects of study habits listed in no particular
order. Which should be the correct logical and systematic sequency
of the six aspects?
1. Note-taking and reading
2. Organizing and planning the work
3. Preparing an assignment/project
4. Motivation
5. Managing school work stress
6. Working with others
A. 4-2-6-5-1-3
B. 4-2-5-6-3-1
C. 4-3-5-2-6-1
D. 4-1-3-5-6-2
156. On what condition(s) can a learner effectively learn
despite different opportunities and constraints for
learning that interfere?

A. when learning materials for learning are appropriate,

suited to his developmental level
B. when the learning activity is interesting and enjoyable
C. when he is ready and capable to perform a particular
task
D. all of these mentioned are favorable conditions for
effective learning
157. Which of the following does not belong to the stages
of personality dimensions of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial
Development during infancy and childhood?

A. Trust vs Mistrust
B. Industry vs Inferiority
C. Intimacy vs Isolation
D. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
158. Scaffolding is a teaching technique in assisting a
learner to accomplish a given learning task. From whom
and what theory of development was this technique
based?

A. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

B. Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning
C. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
D. Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory
159. It is a stage of moral development characterized by
Kohlberg that is associated with the development of
one’s conscience having set of standards that drives one
to possess moral responsibility to make societal changes
regardless of consequences to oneself.

A. universal ethical principle

B. social approval
C. mutual benefit
D. law and order
160. A learner who feels more comfortable to learn with
the aid of abstract symbolism such as mathematical
formula or written word, possesses what kind of sensory
learning style?

A. visual-iconic style
B. imagery learning style
C. visual enactive style
D. visual-symbolic style
161. Which of the following characterizes left-brained
dominant individual?

A. visual, responds to tone of voice, responds to emotion

B. processes information in varied order, random,
gestures when speaking
C. verbal, responds to word meaning, plans ahead,
responds to logic
D. impulsive, less punctual, prefers frequent mobility
while studying
162. Which of the following categories of exceptional
learners is described as having difficulty in focusing and
maintaining attention with recurrent hyperactive-
impulsive behavior?

A. emotional/conduct disorders
B. learning disabilities
C. autism
D. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
163. Edward Thorndike’s Connectionism Theory of
Learning came up with three primary laws. Which law/s
states that when a connection between stimulus and
response is strengthened, learning is satisfying: when
weakening, learning is annoying?

A. Law of Exercise
B. Law of Effect
C. Law of Readiness
D. All of the above
164. You can take the horse to the river, but you cannot
force the horse to drink. Which law(s) of learning by
Thorndike is/are analogous to his statement?

A. Law of Effect
B. Law of Exercise
C. Law of Readiness
D. All of the above
165. Fear of the dentist from a painful experience, fear
of heights from falling off a high chair when we were
infants or even fear of falling in love after a failed
relationship are learned through:

A. observational learning
B. classical conditioning
C. operant conditioning
D. insight learning
166. Mrs. Ramos taught her four-year-old son to tie his
shoe lace by following sequential step. Mrs. Ramos gave
her child reinforcement (reward) every time the boy
performed the step until he was able to do the entire
sequence successfully. What process of learning did the
boy use to learn in tying his shoe lace?

A. behavior shaping
B. negative reinforcing
C. behavioral chaining
D. classical conditioning
167. Which of the following shows the correct order of
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs from top to bottom?

A. physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem

and self-actualization
B. physiological, safety, esteem, love and belongingness,
self-actualization
C. self-actualization, esteem, love and belongingness,
safety, physiological
D. self-actualization, love and belongingness, esteem,
safety and physiological
168. Which of the following is an example of a positive punishment
in BF Skinner’s Operant Conditioning?

A. a teacher promises extra time in the play area to children who

behave well during the lesson
B. a mother gave additional household chores to her daughter who
failed their final examination
C. a student who always comes late is not allowed to join a group
work that has already began therefore loses points for that activity
D. a teacher announces that a student who gets an average grade of
1.25 for the two grading periods will no longer take the final
examination
169. Which of the following best reflects negative
reinforcement?

A. Teresa is scolded when she runs through house yelling

B. Aditya is praised for having the best essay in class
C. A child who improves their grade in math to an A is
exempted from having to wash the dishes after dinner
for a month
D. A police officer gives a ticket to a driver who is
speeding, reducing their available money
170. Positive reinforcement _____ the likelihood of a
behavior, and negative reinforcement _____ the
likelihood of a behavior.

A. increases, increases
B. decreases, decreases
C. increases, decreases
D. decreases, increases
171. What is the underlying principle of learning in the
Social Learning Theory proposed by Albert Bandura?

A. people can learn by observing the behavior of others

and the outcomes of those behavior
B. learning has to be presented by a permanent change
in behavior
C. a child learns more effectively with the aid of
teaching machines
D. modeling is not favorable in learning, hence it does
not provide positive behavior vicariously
172. Which is the correct sequence in modeling the
behavior of others?

A. attention – motivation – retention – motor

reproduction
B. attention – motor-reproduction – retention –
motivation
C. attention – retention – motor reproduction –
motivation
D. motivation – attention – retention – motor
reproduction
173. Children learn what they live by. Treat them with
respect and they will respect others. Shout at them and
they will be shouting at others, too. How would you
explain this behavior?

A. They are easily impressed.

B. They are imitative.
C. They cannot tell right from wrong.
D. They are observant.
174. I cannot forget my friend’s birthday for it comes
one day after my birthday. Which principle of
association as applied to memory explains this?

A. contiguity
B. similarity
C. contrast
D. frequency
175. The recall of an object or idea triggers recall of
other objects like it. Which principle of association as
applied to memory is this?

A. contrast
B. frequency
C. similarity
D. contiguity
176. The bird is given food after it presses the bar three
times, then after ten times, then after four times. This is
an example of what kind of reinforcement schedule?

A. fixed interval
B. fixed ratio
C. variable interval
D. variable ratio
177. The bird in a cage is given food every ten minutes
regardless of how many times it presses the bar. This is
an example of what kind of reinforcement schedule?

A. fixed interval
B. fixed ratio
C. variable interval
D. variable ratio
178. A small jewelry business owner gives customer
freebies after every two purchases from her shop. This is
an example of what kind of reinforcement schedule?

A. fixed interval
B. fixed ratio
C. variable interval
D. variable ratio
179. Student Jun blamed his low exam score on their
instructor rather than his own lack of preparation. What
defense mechanism is applied in this situation?

A. Denial
B. Rationalization
C. Repression
D. Sublimation
180. A child may complain that there is little ice cream
left in a big bowl but will be satisfied if the ice cream is
transferred to a little bowl, even though nothing is
added. Piaget termed this children’s tendency to focus
on only one aspect of a situation, problem, or object and
neglect other significant features as:

A. animism
B. centration
C. conservation
D. egocentrism
181. A boy is closer to his mother and a girl is closer to
her father. These instances are under:

A. genital stage
B. latent stage
C. phallic stage
D. oral stage
182. If a child is bitten by a large, black dog, the child
may fear not only that black dog but also other large
dogs. Which conditioning process is illustrated?

A. Discrimination
B. Extinction
C. Acquisition
D. Generalization
183. Wendy has been staring at a tangram. She is
figuring out how to solve it and suddenly, an idea flashed
in her mind and excitedly she was able to learn how to
solve the tangram. This exemplifies:

A. metacognition
B. insight learning
C. analytical learning
D. trial and error learning
184. If you have to develop in the students a correct
sense of right and wrong, with which should you be
concerned according to Freud?

A. superego
B. ego
C. id
D. superego and ego