Classification
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Species of Organisms
•There are
species of
13 billion known
organisms
•This is only 5% of all organisms
that ever lived!
•New organisms are still being
found and identified everyday
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What is Classification?
Classification is the
arrangement of organisms into
groups based on their
similarities
Classification is also known as
taxonomy
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Confusion in Using Different
Languages for Names
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Latin Names are Understood by
all Taxonomists
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Carolus Linnaeus
1707 – 1778
• 18th century
• Classified organisms
by their structure
• Developed the naming
system: binomial (2
name)
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Standardized Naming
•Binomial
nomenclature used
Turdus migratorius
•Genus species
American Robin
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Binomial Nomenclature
Which TWO are more closely related?
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Classification Groups
• There is a hierarchy of groups
(taxa) from broadest to most
specific
• Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class,
Order, Family, Genus, species
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Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
Domain BROADEST GROUP
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus Most
Specific
Species
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Domains
• Three domains
• Archaea and Bacteria are
unicellular prokaryotes (no
nucleus or membrane-bound
organelles)
• Eukarya are more complex and
have a nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles
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Domains
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ARCHAEA
• Kingdom - ARCHAEBACTERIA
• Probably the 1 cells to evolve
st
• Found in:
–(Methanogens)
Sewage Treatment Plants
–(Thermophiles)
Thermal or Volcanic Vents
–acid
Hot Springs or Geysers that are
–Great
Very salty water (Dead Sea;
Salt Lake) - Halophiles
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ARCHAEAN
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BACTERIA
• Kingdom - EUBACTERIA
• Some may cause DISEASE
• Found in ALL HABITATS except
harsh ones
• environment
Important decomposers for
• Commercially important in making
cottage cheese, yogurt,
buttermilk, etc.
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Live in the intestines of animals
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Domain Eukarya is Divided
into Kingdoms
•Protista (protozoans, algae…)
•Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …)
•Plantae (multicellular plants)
•Animalia (multicellular animals)
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Protista
•unicellular
Most are
•multicellular
Some are
•autotrophic, while
Some are
others are
heterotrophic
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Fungi
• Multicellular,
except yeast
• Absorptive
heterotrophs
(digest food
outside their
body & then
absorb it)
• Cell walls
made of chitin
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Plantae
•Multicellular
•Autotrophic
•toAbsorb sunlight
make glucose –
Photosynthesis
•Cell walls made of
cellulose
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Animalia
• Multicellular
• Ingestive
heterotrophs
(consume food
& digest it
inside their
bodies)
• Feed on plants
or animals
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Basis for Modern Taxonomy
• Homologous structures (same
structure, different
function)
• Similar embryo development
• Molecular Similarity in DNA,
RNA, or amino acid sequence
of Proteins
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Homologous Structures (BONES in the FORELIMBS) shows
Similarities in mammals.
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Similarities in Vertebrate
Embryos
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Cladogram
Diagram showing how organisms are related
based on shared, derived characteristics
such as feathers, hair, or scales
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Primate
Cladogram
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WRITE YOUR SUMMARY
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