UNIT 1:
ATOMIC
STRUCTURE
THE STRUCTURE
OF ATOMS
Mass / Charge / Relative Relative
kg C mass charge
Atoms consist of a
PROTON
number of NEUTRON
fundamental ELECTRON
particles,
the most important
particles are ...
THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
Atoms consist of a number of fundamental particles,
the most important are ...
Relative Relative
Mass / kg Charge / C
mass charge
PROTON 1.672 x 10-27 1.602 x 10-19 1 +1
NEUTRON 1.675 x 10-27 0 1 0
1
ELECTRON 9.109 x 10-31 1.602 x 10-19
1836
-1
DISCOVERY
OF
ELECTRONS
IMPORTANT POINTS
• The beam of electrons is deflected away from a
negatively charged plate and towards a positively
charged plate.
• The direction of the deflection shows us that the
electron is negatively charged
• The angle of deflection give an idea about the
masses
In recent years, experiments have been carried out
with beams of electrons, protons and neutrons. The
results of these experiments show that:
■ a proton beam is deflected away from a
positively charged plate; as like charges repel, the
protons must have a positive charge
■ an electron beam is deflected towards a
positively charged plate; as unlike charges attract,
the electrons must have a negative charge
■ a beam of neutrons is not deflected; this is
because they are uncharged
DISCOVERY
OF PROTONS
LET’S RECALL
If atoms are composed of negatively charged electrons, positively charged
protons, then why an atom is neutral?
IONS
Give the number of electrons present in
Na+
Cl-
Isoelectronic
ISOELECTRONIC IONS
MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Mass Number (A)
PROTONS + NEUTRONS
23
Na
11
Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS
THERE WILL BE 12 NEUTRONS
IN THE NUCLEUS
23 – 11 = 12
ISOTOPES
Definition: Atoms with…
ISOTOPES OF
• the same atomic number but different HYDROGEN
mass number or
Protons Neutrons
• the same number of protons but
different numbers of neutrons. 1
1
H 1 0
Properties: 2
1
H 1 1
• Chemical properties of isotopes are
identical 3
1
H 1 2
• Physical properties (such as density)
may differ
CHECK YOUR
KNOWLEDGE
