Key Activities Involved in Septage

Management Plan through IFSM Toolkit

- Dhruv Bhavsar
Regional Training Programme
On
Swachh Bharat Mission: Septage and Faecal Sludge Management
(January 23-24, 2017 at Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

  PAS Project, C-WAS,CEPT University, INDIA

PAS Journey from 2009………
2009 – 416 Cities
68 Million population
167 Cities of Gujarat
249 Cities of Maharashtra
……continued for 6 years

2015 – 463 Cities

72.8 Million population
168 Cities of Gujarat
259 Cities of Maharashtra
43 Cities of Chhattisgarh

2016 – 769 Cities

88 Million population
168 Cities of Gujarat
364 Cities of Maharashtra
168 Cities of Chhattisgarh
69 Cities of Telangana

Forth coming – 323 Cities,

23 Million population
96 Cities of Assam
43 Cities of Jharkhand
184 Cities of Rajasthan

www.pas.org.in 2
Sanitation Activities under PAS Project
Work at city levels – From planning to implementation support Sanitation Planning
tools

PIP ODF FSM

Performance CSP Open Defecation Fecal Sludge
improvement plans City Sanitation Plans Free Plans Management Plans

Supporting Statewide Program - Maharashtra

PSP in
State level Capacity
IFSM
guidelines for building Documentation
Monitoring SBM ODF framework ODF , IFSM programmes support

Onsite sanitation Sanitation Finance

?
Capacity building
of
FSM cities and local Sanitation City Sanitation Demand Supply side study
guidelines SanBenchmarks contractors Credit Fund assessment of FIs
Introduction to Septage Management
Key Sanitation facts from CENSUS 2011 - INDIA

18.6% URBAN HHs HAVE REPORTED NO TOILETS

32.7% OF URBAN HHs HAVE ACCESS TO PIPED SEWER

38.2% HHs HAVE SEPTIC TANKS

6% OF HHs DEPEND ON PUBLIC TOILET

12.6%
12.6%OFOFHHs RESORT TO OD
HHs RESORT TO OD

Only 358 CITIES IN INDIA HAVE STPs

Onsite sanitation and septage management –
Challenge
emerging questions

38% URBAN HHs TOILETS HAVE SEPTIC TANKS

Are septic tanks linked to soak pits

Are they built as per Codes / Specifications ?
How often are they cleaned ?
Where does the effluent flow ?
What happens to the SLUDGE?
What is septage . . .
As per MoUD Advisory on Septage Management

“The settled solid matter in

semi-solid condition
usually a mixture of solids
and water settled at the
bottom of septic tank. It
has an offensive odour,
appearance and is high in
organics and pathogenic
microorganisms.”
Need of Septage Management ?
 Facilities like septic tanks, dry latrines,
community toilets, or other types accumulate
fecal sludge

 Septage needs to be removed periodically.

If this septage is not properly managed,
negative impacts on the urban
environment and on public health may
result

 Environmental pollution is caused by Effluent and septage

effluents of not regularly de-sludged septic from septic tanks
tanks or community toilets; systems impacts
ground and surface
 Improper handling of septage regenerates
the risks of faecal matter re-entering the water resources
domestic environment
Source : Advisory note on septage management in urban India, MoUD January 2013
Emerging recognition of septage management

 National declaration on Septage Management by Ministry

of Urban Development, GoI

 One of the major thrust areas of AMRUT is Septage

Management

 Primer on septage Management and Rapid Assessment

tool for estimating budget requirements for FSM has been
rolled out by MoUD, GoI

 Septage Management Advisory of Government of India

provides references to CPHEEO guidelines, BIS standards, and
other resources for preparing SMP / FSM plan.
The benefits of septage management over the conventional sewerage systems

CONVENTIONAL SEWERAGE SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT

Water Requirement High (>135lpcd) Low

Capital Costs High Low

O & M Costs High Low

Technical Expertise High-Conveyance High - Low – Low –

Treatment Conveyance Treatment

Maintenance High – on Service Low – on Low – on High – on

requirement Provider Households Service Provider Households

Required capacity to High

operate
Low

Implementation
challenges High Low
Current situation of septage management in Small – Medium towns in India

User interface Collection Conveyance Treatment Reuse /Disposal

Existing Pit and Septic tank

Pour flush latrines Open / covered drains
with drain field
Into river or natural drain
No conveyance system in
new developments

No treatment of fecal
sludge Dumping along with
solid waste

Old city area - Inadequate primary treatment but good conveyance

through open drains
Lack of 100% coverage of Lack of scientific disposal of
Lack of treatment facility
conveyance system septage
New developments - Improved primary treatment through septic tanks but
no drains

Missing links in Sanitation value chain in a city

Water body
End-to-end IFSM solution – From red to green

Access Collection Conveyance Treatment Disposal / Reuse

Pour flush Suction emptier No treatment Disposed off on

Septic tanks
toilets truck facility dumping site
Situation
Current

• Lack of universal • Septic tanks lack • Only 2-4 % of septic • No facility for fecal • Septage disposed off
access to improved manhole covers tanks cleaned annually sludge treatment on dumping site
toilets • Septic tanks are not of without treatment
• Lack of adequate data standard size
base on toilets for • No database on septic
properties tanks for properties

Pour flush Suction emptier Treatment Revenue from

Septic tanks
toilets trucks facility compost

• Providing access • Preparing a schedule • Installing treatment • Safe dumping of

Proposed Approach

• Converting
unimproved toilets to manhole covers to for period cleaning of facility for the treated fecal matter
improved toilets allow regular cleaning septic tanks, to ensure treatment of septage and/or the sale of
that all septic tank are septage at a fixed rate
• Ensuring 100% access • Enforcing regulations cleaned at least once in to nearby farms or agro-
to improved toilets on septic tanks design
3 years businesses
• Data base on toilets • Data base of properties • Enforcing regulations
for all properties with septic tanks
and penalties for
periodicity of septic tank
cleaning and safe
handling of sludge
• Payment using local
taxes using escrow
mechanisms
Concept of ODF , ODF +, ODF ++
  Elimination of OD Conveyance and treatment of
Access to toilets
practices faecal waste
ODF City No spots with regular OD All households, public/community/ All toilets are connected to safe
practice by more than 2 institutions and other properties have technology options for disposal of
persons are found in the access to toilets (Own or community) faecal waste.
city at any time of the day. as per norms

ODF+ 1. Not a single person 1. All households, (Point 1 same as in ODF cities)
City found defecating in public/community institutions 2. Regular and safe conveyance
the open and other properties have access and treatment of all collected
2. No traces of faeces to toilets built as per norms. septage. (in case of sewerage
are visible in the city 2. At least 80% of households have network, through a functional
at any time of the day. access to own toilets sewage treatment plant or in
3. Remaining households have case of septic tanks through a
access to functional community septage treatment facility as per
toilets (with ≤6 HHs / seat of a norms)
community toilet)

ODF++ (Points 1 and 2 same as in (Points 1 and 3, same as in “ODF+ (Points 1 and 2, same as in “ODF+
City “ODF+ city”) city”) city”)
2. At least 95% of households have 1. Safe conveyance and treatment
access to own toilets of all waste water (including
septic tank effluent and grey
water).
IFSM Toolkit

PAS Project www.ifsmtoolkit.pas.org.in/ 14

Step by Step approach to operationalize septage management plan

A. Preparation of plan for Septage management

 Assessment of existing toilets and septic tanks through surveys and creation of database

 Design and construction / refurbishment of septic tanks

 Desludging of septic tanks
 Scheduled septic tank emptying services

 Treatment of faecal sludge / septage

B. Institutional and governance aspects in Septage Management

 Regulations for septage management systems
 Awareness generation and capacity building activities
 Record-keeping , reporting (MIS), monitoring and feedback systems
 Sources of revenues for septage management
Key components of Septage Management Plan
Key components of Septage Management Plan

1. Assessment of existing toilets and septic tanks through

surveys and creation of database

2. Design and construction / refurbishment of septic tanks

3. Desludging of septic tanks

4. Scheduled septic tank emptying services

5. Treatment of faecal sludge / septage

Assessment of existing toilets and septic tanks through
surveys and creation of database (1/2)
System required

Present system Details of toilets

 No database of toilets, septic tanks for HHs

 No ready database to show how often a septic tank

is being cleaned and at which location in the city

Details of where toilets are connected

Creating database and improving monitoring :

 Create database for each HHs / property depicting
details on Toilets, septic tanks, soak pits details

 Update of HHs / property on server through mobile

Details of where bathroom and kitchen are
application or reporting systems once the septic tank connected
is cleaned
 Automatic reminder sent to the HHs after 3 years to clean
the septic tank
Assessment of existing toilets and septic tanks through
surveys and creation of database(2/2)
Assessment should capture the following Sample Questionnaire
Toilet availability assessment
aspects 19
Where do you dispose greywater from kitchen and bathroom?
(1. Sewer, 2. Septic tank, 3. Soak Pit, 4. Covered drains, 5. Open drains, 6. Others, specify, 7. Don't Know)
20 Do you have your own toilet on your premises? 1. Yes 2. No.
 Toilet availability 21
If 20=1, Does any member of the household still go for defecation in the open? (1. Men. 2. Women. 3. Children. 4. No
one)
 Where is the toilet connected to Septic tank assessment
What is the type of toilet facility is being used? (1. Flush/pour flush toilet connected to piped sewer system, 2.
Flush/pour flush toilet connected to septic tank, 3. Flush/pour flush toilet connected to other system, 4. Single Pit toilet
 Size and shape of septic tank 22 with slab, 5. Single pit toilet with ventilated improved pit, 6. Single pit toilet without slab / open pit, 7. Twin/Double pit
toilet , 8.Night soil disposed into open drain, 9.Service toilet with night soil removed by humans, 10. Service toilet with
night soil services by animals
 Number of chambers in septic tank If Q22 is 2 (toilet connected to Septic tank) answer 23 to 46
If Q22 is not 2 (toilet connected to Septic tank) go to B
 Access covers to septic tanks 23
24
No. of septic tanks in the property (1.Number________, 2. Don't know)
Distance of septic tank from the nearest well/bore (1. Distance _________ft. to on-site system, 2.Don't know)
25 Septic tank outfall is connected to (1. Soak pit, 2. Open drain, 3. Covered drain, 4. Others (Specify) 5. Don't Know)
 Accessibility of septic tanks 26
What is the average frequency of cleaning of septic tank? (1. 1 year, 2. 2 years, 3. 3 Years, 4. 4 Years 5. More than 5
years, 6. Don't Know)
27 What is the shape of your septic tank (1. Rectangular, 2. Circular, 3. Don't Know)
 When was the septic tank last cleaned. 28 Can you provide the dimensions of the septic tank? (1. Yes 2. No.)
29 If Q. no 27= 1 and Q.no 28= 1, provide L ___________ft, B ____________ft., H______________ft.
 Cleaning frequency of septic tanks 30
If Q. no 27= 2 and Q.no 28=1, provide
Diameter __________ft., Depth_______________ft.

 Problems encountered while cleaning of septic tanks 31 How many chambers are there in the septic tank (1. one, 2. two , 3. three, 4. Don't Know)
The base of septic tank is (1. Sealed with concrete and /or plaster, 2.No base – only soil, 3.Other, please specify, 4. Don’t
32
know)
 Reasons for emptying septic tanks 33 Are there ventilation pipes for septic tanks (1.Yes, 2. No)
What construction materials have been used for constructing septic tanks?
34
(1. R.C.C, 2. Cement concrete and brick, 3. Prefabricated unit, 4. Don't Know, 5. Other, specify)
35 What is the age of septic tank? (1. No. of years____________, 2. Don't know)
Where is septic tank located? (1.Front yard, 2.Back yard (easy access), 3.Back yard (no access/through house), 4. House
36 side , 5.Under house, 6.Near the toilet, 7.Don’t know)
(Note: The person can be allowed to answer more than one option i.e. Backyard (Easy access) and near the toilet)
If Q 36 = 6, Where is the septic tank located near the toilet?
37 (1. Away from toilet, 2. Only 1st chamber is below the toilet, 3. All the chambers are below the toilet or other

PAS has developed a Mobile App- “SaniTab” for

structures, 4. Don't Know)
38 Is the septic tank accessible from road for cleaning by using a suction emptier truck? (1. Yes, 2. No, 3. Don't Know)
39 What is the approximate distance of septic tank from the road? (in meters)

conducting household level sanitation surveys,

Is there proper access with manholes/covers for any of the chamber of septic tank which can be easily opened
40
(1. Yes , 2. No)
If 40 = 1, then type of material of access cover (1. Concrete, 2. Cast iron, 3. Farsi (Tiles), 4. PVC/FRP cover, 5. Others,
41

which can be used by the ULBs

specify, 6. Don't know)
When the septic tank was cleaned the last time?
42 (1. Last 6 months 2. from 6 to 12 months 3. 12-24 months 4. 24-36 months 5. more than 36 months 6.Never 7. Don't
know)
Why was the septic tank emptied?
43
(1. Blocked toilet, 2.Overflow from access hole/manhole , 3.Smell, 4.Others, specify) , 5.Don't know/remember )
Key components of Septage Management Plan

1. Assessment of existing toilets and septic tanks through

surveys and creation of database

2. Design and construction / refurbishment of septic tanks

3. Desludging of septic tanks

4. Scheduled septic tank emptying services

5. Treatment of faecal sludge / septage

Design and construction / refurbishment of septic tanks
 The septic tanks need to be designed and constructed as per the norms suggested in:
 Swachh Bharat Mission Guidelines, 2014
 Manual on Sewerage and sewage treatment systems , CPHEEO, 2013
 National Building Code of India, 2005
 IS: 2470 - Code of practice for installation of septic tanks - Part 1: Design and Construction and
Part 2: Secondary treatment and disposal of septic tank effluent 1985 (Reaffirmed 1996).

 Notices should be issued to all property owners whose septic tanks do not meet the standard septic
tank design.

 All insanitary toilets need to be converted to sanitary toilets with twin pits or septic tanks
      Liquid Depth
      (Cleaning interval of)
No. of Users Length(M) Breadth(M)
2 Years 3 Years

Recommended size of septic tank up to 20 users

5 1.50 0.75 1.00 1.05
10 2.00 0.90 1.00 1.40
15 2.00 0.90 1.30 2.00
20 2.30 1.10 1.30 1.80
Recommended size of septic tank for housing colony upto 300 users
50 5.00 2.00 1.00 1.2
100 7.50 2.65 1.00 1.2
150 10.00 3.00 1.00 1.2
200 12.00 3.30 1.00 1.24
Note : A300 15.00
provision of 300 mm should be made for 4.00
free board. 1.00 1.24
Typical sizes of septic tanks for various user sizes Typical two compartment septic tank
Design considerations for septic tanks . . .
 Septic tank should be designed for 1 to 2 days of
retention.

 The septic tanks are normally rectangular in shape and

two chambered, with first chamber 2/3rd in length of
2nd Chamber

 The liquid depth is 1-2 m and the length to breadth

ratio is 2-3 to 1

 For circular tanks the minimum diameter shall not be

Typical two compartment septic tank
less than 1.35 m and operating depth shall not be less
than 1·0 m.

 Each compartment of a septic tank shall be provided with a rectangular access opening measuring
not less 455 × 610 mm or a circular opening 500 mm diameter

 Ventilating Pipe—Every septic tank shall be provided with ventilating pipe of at least 50 mm
Construction considerations for septic tanks . . .
Typical two compartment septic tank
 Baffles are generally provided at both inlet and
outlet which dip 25 cm to 30 cm into and project 15 cm
above the liquid.

 For two compartment septic tanks, the tanks should

be interconnected above the sludge storage level by
means of pipes or square openings of diameter or
side length respectively of not less than 75 mm

 Septic tanks may either be constructed in brick work, stone masonry or concrete cast in situ or pre-
cast materials

 The floor of the tank should be of cement concrete and sloped towards the sludge outlet. Both the
floor and side wall shall be plastered with cement mortar to render the surfaces smooth and to make
them water tight.

 The height of the ventilation pipe should extend at least 2 m above the top of the highest building
within a radius of 20 m
Key components of Septage Management Plan

1. Assessment of existing toilets and septic tanks through

surveys and creation of database

2. Design and construction / refurbishment of septic tanks

3. Desludging of septic tanks

4. Scheduled septic tank emptying services

5. Treatment of faecal sludge / septage

Desludging of septic tanks

As per CPHEEO Manual on Sewerage

As per Prohibition of Employment as Manual and Sewage Treatment , 2013
Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013 ,
IS : 2470 (Part I & II), 1985 on Code
desludging / emptying of septic tanks will be of Practice for Installation of Septic tank
undertaken by mechanical devices like suction emptier
trucks / vacuum tankers
“Yearly desludging of septic
tank is desirable, but if it is

For septic tanks which have not feasible or economical, then

proper access roads, a larger septic tanks should be
vehicle maybe used
cleaned at least once in two -
three years, provided the tank
is not overloaded due to use by
For septic tanks located in
narrow lanes or those that do more than the number of
not have proper access roads, persons for which it is designed”
smaller vehicles maybe used

Pg 9-22, CPHEEO Manual

Recommendations for desludging as per MoUD Advisory
Desludging of Septic tanks Transportation
 Vehicles are available in different
 De-sludging of septic tanks - using capacities from 2,000 to 12,000 litres.
mechanical devices
 Small scale vacuum trucks called
 De-sludging frequencies of septic Vacutug are recommended for areas
tanks once every 2 to 3 years, or when inaccessible to large vehicles
the tank becomes one third full
 The no. of cleaning machines - based
 Periodical desludging will help reduce on frequency of cleaning, distance of
the pollution levels in the effluent location of treatment facility and local
conditions
 1-2 inch of sludge should be left in
tank to facilitate future  A Transportation Plan should be
decomposition formulated which should include:

 Scheduling and routing for trucks

 Regular desludging activities will  Customer service protocols
require well-organized community  Locating tanks and cleanouts with proper pumping
equipment operation and worker safety
and public/private service providers  Transportation requirements, including rules of the
road
 Tanks should not be scrub cleaned or  Disposal procedures at the treatment facility
 Routine service of equipment
washed with detergent  Recordkeeping for all tanks pumped and wastes
discharged at the disposal facility
From complaint Redressal To regular service
Current septage management practice Recommended septage management practice

~2-4% of tanks cleaned per year ~33% of tanks cleaned per year
(once in >8-10 years) (once in 3 -5 years)

Current barriers Proposed solution

1 Cleaning is done on-call by the household, who do 1 Septic tanks will be cleaned on a pre-determined
schedule
not see the need for regular cleaning
Regulations and penalties will be set in place to
The cleaning services of the ULB are currently
ensure periodic cleaning
treated as a complaint redressal system for
overflowing septic tanks rather than a regular cleaning
Awareness generation activities will educate
and maintenance service
households about the need for regular cleaning

2 2
Each town will now require an additional 1- 3 trucks
Each town mainly has only 1 truck, owned and
to meet service standards, which can be operated
operated by the ULB
by a private player

3 3
Households generally pay ~INR 400-1000 to get Local taxes levied by the ULB as per municipal act 1
tanks cleaned, but only once in >8-10 years when the will be used to recover the operating expenses for
tanks overflow regular cleaning

Note (1) Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships Act, 1965, Chapter IX : Municipal taxation, Section 108
Licensing of septage transporters for providing scheduled services

 ULBs should either provide Septage Transporter Permit for _________ Municipality

the emptying services In accordance with all the terms and conditions of the current _______ Municipality’s Rates, Rules and
Regulations, the special permit conditions accompanying this permit, and all applicable rules, laws or

themselves or enter into regulations of Government of Maharashtra, permission is hereby granted to:

NAME OF PERMITTEE: _________________________________________________________________

appropriate management ADDRESS:___________________________________________________________________________
contracts with private For the disposal of septage from domestic septic tank or commercial holding tank at

agencies. the___________________ treatment facility.

This Permit is based on information provided in the Septage Transporter Permit application which
constitutes the Septage Management Hauled Permit.

This Permit is effective for the period set forth below, may be suspended or revoked for Permit
 In case of private sector Condition Non Compliance and is not transferable. The original permit shall be kept on file in the
Permittee’s office. A copy of this Permit shall be carried in every registered vehicle used by the

contract, ULBs should permittee.

certify and license private EFFECTIVE DATE:

EXPIRATION DATE:
septage transporters to de- ____ CHECK IF RENEWED PERMIT

sludge and transport waste Permit is liable to be cancelled in case of violations of any Acts, Rules and Regulations relating to the
operation of Septage System or in cases of safety protocols not being adhered to or in case of non-
to the designated treatment permitted disposals.

facility.
Sample licensing format1
1: Source: Operative guidelines for septage management for urban and rural local bodies in Tamil Nadu.(2014)
Key components of Septage Management Plan

1. Assessment of existing toilets and septic tanks through

surveys and creation of database

2. Design and construction / refurbishment of septic tanks

3. Desludging of septic tanks

4. Scheduled septic tank emptying services

5. Treatment of faecal sludge / septage

Dumping site वर मैलाची साधारण विल्हेवाट
Institutional and governance aspects in
Septage Management
Institutional and governance aspects in Septage Management

1. Regulations for Septage management systems

2. Awareness generation and capacity building

activities

3. Record-keeping , reporting (MIS), monitoring

and feedback systems

4. Sources of revenues for septage management

Various aspects that need to be covered under the regulations for
septage management

 Design of septic tanks, pits etc.(adapted to local conditions) and methods of approval of
building plans, or retro-fitting existing installations to comply with rules

 Periodicity of desludging

 Operating procedures for desludging and at treatment facilities including safety

procedures

 Licensing and reporting

 Methods and locations of transport, treatment and disposal

 Tariffs or cess/tax etc. for septage management in the city

 Penalty clauses for untreated discharge for households as well as desludging agents

 Special provisions for new real estate developments

Institutional and governance aspects in Septage Management

1. Regulations for Septage management systems

2. Awareness generation and capacity building

activities

3. Record-keeping , reporting (MIS), monitoring

and feedback systems

4. Sources of revenues for septage management

Awareness generation and capacity building activities

Awareness generation for

residents

Capacity building for

municipal staff

Capacity building for septage

transporters / private vendors
Awareness generation for residents
 Members of Resident Welfare Associations, community
organizers, self-help groups and the general public should be
made sensitized periodically regarding the need for a septage
management system including a 3-year cycle.

 Health hazards associated with improper collection and

treatment of waste, and the ill-effects of sewage discharge into
fresh water/storm water drains should be explained to the
residents

 Awareness generation activities should be carried out at the

beginning of introducing a scheduled service in all wards and
then repeated periodically over the three year cycle.
Awareness generation pamphlets
Proper Design and Cleaning of your Septic Tank!

Wrong Right

Outlet pipe to
acce
No

soak pit or
ss

closed sewer
Home Nagar Palika Pumping Truck

Services provided by _______ Nagar Parishad

Proper Design Cleaning your Septic Tank

• Clean your septic tanks regularly once in 3

• Septic tank base should always be water tight and it
years
should have proper vent pipes
• Do not wait for it to overflow. This will
• Proper access manhole should be provided for easy
adversely affect your health and your
emptying
environment
Empty Septic tank regularly

Nagar Palika

Septic tank should be emptied every 2-3years

Avail Nagarpalika services!
Not emptying it regularly will result in-

Sewage
backflow Foul odours

Unsettled sewage
flowing in effluent
drains

Dampness in floor and

walls near the tank
Do’s and Don’ts for septic tank construction . . .

39
Capacity building for municipal staff
 Municipal Commissioners/ Chief Officers, Engineers, Sanitary
Inspectors, Health Officers, and Sanitary Workers should be well
trained in safe septage management and its best practices

 Training sessions on safe collection, treatment and disposal of

septage should be undertaken

 Information regarding standard septic tank design, the need for

periodic inspection and desludging of septage, design of a treatment
facility, tender details for engaging licensed transporters, etc. should
be disseminated

 Training should also be provided on safety standards

Capacity building for septage transporters / private vendors

 Local Bodies should ensure all safety norms are

clearly explained to the septage transporters

 Private Operators and Transporters should be well

trained in safe collection and transportation of
septage including following aspects:
 vehicle design and operation
 process of desludging,
 safety gears and
 safe disposal at the nearest treatment facility.
Institutional and governance aspects in Septage Management

1. Regulations for Septage management systems

2. Awareness generation and capacity building

activities

3. Record-keeping , reporting (MIS), monitoring

and feedback systems

4. Sources of revenues for septage management

Record-keeping & monitoring systems
 Recordkeeping and manifest forms Sample Form to be filled by Operator / Transporter of Septage
i. Identification of Waste:
should be an integral part of a a) Volume ___________

comprehensive septage management b) b) Type: ____ Septic Tank ____ Others

c) c) Source: ____ Residential ____ Commercial ____ Restaurant ____ Portable Toilet ____Others

program. ii. Details of Waste Generator

a) Name:
b) Phone Number:
c) Address:
d) Pin:
e) Any kind of deficiencies, missing pipes or fittings, improper manholes or access covers, any other
 This completed document or cracks or damage observed: _______________________________________________________

documents with signatures of the The undersigned being duly authorized does hereby certify to the accuracy of the source and type of
wastewater collected and transported.

household/property, suction truck Date: ______________ Signature: _______________

operator and treatment plant iii. Details of Transporter / Operator

a) Company Name:
operator should be submitted to the b)
c)
Permit:
Vehicle License:
d) Pump out date:
local government for their records
The above described wastewater was picked up and hauled by me to the disposal facility name below and
was discharged. I certify that the foregoing is true and correct:

e) Signature of authorized agent and title: ___________________________

 Payment to the suction truck iv. Acceptance by __________________Municipality’s authorized STP

The above transporter delivered the described wastewater to this disposal facility and it was accepted.
operator should only be made if Disposal date: ________________ Amount Collected from Transporter (if any):_______________

there are signatures of all the Signature of authorized signatory and title: ___________________________

NOTE: SUBJECT TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF ________ MUNICIPALITY.

stakeholders
1 - Source : Adapted from operative guidelines for septage management for
urban and rural local bodies in Tamil Nadu.(2014) Sample Recording keeping format1
Monitoring mechanism for septage management activities
Type of monitoring mechanism
Activities to be ULB random
Monitored Performance Metrics Households Self ULB sample Grievance
treatment site
reporting Reporting HH survey inspection Redressal

Percentage of households cleaned as per

schedule    

Number of instances where safety regulations

weren’t adhered to or manual scavenging took  
place
Cleaning of septic
tanks Number of instances of spillage during
cleaning   

Number of septic tanks damaged    

Percentage septic tanks cleaned inadequately    

Number of instance of spillage during

transportation  
Transportation of
fecal sludge Number of instances of fecal matter being
dumped at non-designated sites 

Time taken to construct sludge drying beds  

Standard of constructed sludge drying beds  

Safe disposal of
fecal sludge Number of instances where safety regulations
weren’t adhered to at treatment site 

BOD and COD level of the treated septage 

Performance metric can be linked to payment in terms of

performance incentive or penalty in case of non-performance
MIS and database

Details of toilets and septic tanks

 MIS database: Based on the survey that is

undertaken using the questionnaire

create a database of toilets and septic

tanks
 Update the database every four years along with

property tax assessment survey

 Database : Link the database to e-governance

help to update property level details regarding

availability of toilets and septic tanks and help

monitor whether the septic tanks have been

cleaned as per the planned schedule

Feedback systems

 Complaint redressal system :

To be set up in the ULB to track the

performance of private sector in
terms of whether they are emptying
the septic tanks properly or not and
to track whether they are dumping
the septage at the designated site
or not
Institutional and governance aspects in Septage Management

1. Regulations for Septage management systems

2. Awareness generation and capacity building

activities

3. Record-keeping , reporting (MIS), monitoring

and feedback systems

4. Sources of revenues for septage management

Sources of revenues for septage management
 Explore possibility of levying Sanitation tax to properties for sustaining the
septage management activities. The tax can be added either as surcharge on
property tax or a new sanitation tax can be levied accord to respective state
government’s prevailing legal provisions.

 Periodic revisions for the taxes to be effected based on revisions in costs involved

 To the extent possible, revenues should be generated from sale of treated septage
for agriculture or other purposes.

 If Private sector is involved in septage management, then an escrow account can

be set up where revenues from the sanitation tax are transferred. The
contractual amount for FSM services to the private party can be paid from this
escrow account to avoid delays.
Key Steps for operationalizing septage management plan
Steps for inception stage . . .
Timeline (Months)
Sr.
No Key STEPs
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Existing septage management situation of the city

Assessment of On-ground Sanitation Situation

a - Secondary data : Census              
- HH Surveys
- Property tax records

Ground truthing of existing sanitation situation

through sample surveys (Optional – based on information
b available in step-a)              
- Septic tanks
- Pits
- Other systems

Availability of existing FSM infrastructure with the

c ULB              
- No and capacity of trucks
- Existing septage treatment / disposal facility

Discussions at the ULB to take up FSM

d - Executive and Elected Wing to discuss              
Steps for planning and implementation stage . . .
Timeline (Months)
Sr.
No Key STEPs
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 Planning for Citywide septage management plan
a Stakeholder identification / consultation throughout the FSM planning process              

City level plan based on secondary data sources / Creating database of

b sanitation systems though surveys              

Assessing infrastructure requirement for the FSM plan

c - No and capacity of Trucks              
- Type of treatment and its capacity etc.

Assessing financial requirement

d - Capex              
- Opex
- Taxes to be levied

Develop and enforce regulations required for FSM

e - Scheduled cleaning   Develop     Enforce  
- Taxes to be levied
- PSP in FSM etc.

Develop and carry out awareness generation activities

f - Scheduled cleaning     Develop     Carry out
- Taxes
- Penalties

g Exploring private sector within / outside the city for implementing FSM Plan              
h Develop , review and finalize contracts and bid documents       Develop Review Finalize 
3 Implement citywide septage management plan  
Reference documents. . .

Advisory note – Septage IS 2470 – Code of practice for

Manual on sewerage and sewag Fecal Sludge Management – Management in Urban India, installation of septic tanks,
e treatment systems – CPHEE Systems Approach for imple MoUD,2013 Part I & II
O Manual, 2013 mentation and operation, 20
14

FSM Assessment
Citywide Septage Management Plan –
and A case of
Planning toolkit Wai and Sinnar
Thank you
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