GE 10

PHILIPPINE
INDIGENOUS
COMMUNITY
VISAYAS
CULTURES,
TRADITIONS,
PRACTICES
AND
BELIEFS
NEGROS ORIENTAL
Negros Oriental (Cebuano: Sidlakang
Negros; Tagalog: Silangang Negros),
officially the Province of Negros
Oriental, is a province in the
Philippines located in the Central
Visayas region. Its capital is the city of
Dumaguete. It occupies the
southeastern half of the large island of
Negros, and borders Negros
Occidental, which comprises the
northwestern half. It also includes Apo
Island, a popular dive site for both
local and foreign tourists.
NEGROS ORIENTAL
DUMAGUETE
The city of Dumaguete was formally
known as the city of Gentle People
when visitors were stunned on how
hospitable and friendly the people of
the city were. Locals would offer
beverages and food for the visitor
while other entertains them by folk
dances and traditional games. The
people from the city were so
hospitable to their guests that the new
comers were impressed on how gentle
and polite they were.
DUMAGUETE
BUGLASAN FESTIVAL OF
NEGROS ORIENTAL
• Buglasan Festival, also known as “The
Festival of Festivals”, is one of the
most awaited festivals in Negros
Oriental. It is celebrated in Dumaguete
City, the capitol of the province in the
middle of October.
• In some old records the map of Negros
was drawn by a man named Diego
Lope Provedano way back in 1572
showing an island named Buglas
Insulis. In order to honor Negros
Oriental and what lie is in it, the
celebration of Buglasan Festival was
born.
BUGLASAN FESTIVAL OF
NEGROS ORIENTAL
The Sandurot Festival
THE SANDUROT FESTIVAL

• Dumaguete City has been popularly

known as The City of Gentle People
all over Negros Oriental and the
some parts of the country. The
Sandurot Festival, which is annually
celebrated during the 3rd week of
November, is a celebration that
focuses on showing the innate
hospitality and friendliness of the
city.
SINULOG SA JIMALALUD
• The festival year in Negros Oriental
kicks off with the Sinulog sa
Jimalalud. It is also widely known
as the Hambabalud Festival.
• According to one of the
organisers, while Sinulog is the
original name of the festival, the
municipality named it Hambabalud
festival for traditional and branding
reasons. Many foreign visitors
certainly will remember this tongue
twister, once they mastered the
correct pronunciation.
SINULOG SA JIMALALUD

• This cultural and traditional

celebration is annually taken
place yearly on January 13 and
on the surrounding days. The
Sinulog sa Jimalalud is
celebrated with rhythmic
dancing and moderate Latin-
American steel-drum beats.
SINULOG SA JIMALALUD
MAGAHAT
TRIBE
WHAT IS THE MAGAHAT TRIBE?

• The Magahats refers to the

shifting cultivators in the
mountainous areas of
Southeastern Negros. Often
called Corolanos or Bukidnon
of Panay, Magahats are
described the swidden
population living in scattered
groups in the municipality of
Tanjas, Santa Catalina,
Bayawan (Tolong) and Siaton.
WHERE CAN WE FIND THE
MAGAHAT?
• According to the Ethnologue,
Magahat is spoken in the
Mount Arniyo area near
Bayawan, upper Tayaban,
Tanjay, Santa Catalina, and
Siaton municipalities in
southern Negros Oriental
Province, located just west of
Dumaguete City.
MAGAHAT TRIBE

• TRADITION
-The magahat live in the
mountains of basay, near rivers,
and streams with houses made
from forest materials and
decorated with hanging skulls of
the animals horns and weapon.
One of their skills is tattooing
reflected in the weapon and
jewelry they make.
MAGAHAT TRIBE

• BELIEFS
-Magahat believe in spirit,
they use anting- anting to
fight evil spirit and don't fear
death but rather believe that it
is just a journey from the
earth to the other side of the
world.
MAGAHAT TRIBE

• CULTURE
-Pregnancy and birth
practices of the Magahats, a
pagan group located in the
forest area of the Southern
Negros Island, are related.
The Magahats are aware that
the sexual union is needed
for conception.
MAGAHAT TRIBE

• CULTURE
-When the pregnancy is
certain, the mother of the
women becomes her advisor;
the pregnant woman is
instructed to bath in a
particular stream and is given
a tonic of roots in boiled
water daily during the
remainder of the pregnancy.
MAGAHAT TRIBE

• CULTURE
-Ceremonies, performed
traditionally by the babaylan
(medicine man) to counteract
fears of hard delivery and to
appease Apila, the goddess of
pregnant women, are related.
MAGAHAT TRIBE
• CULTURE
-During childbirth, the women are
expected to suffer in silence, as
submitting to the pain would
make the woman lose face among
her tribe. The actual delivery
procedure, which requires the
obstetrical assistance of a
babaylan, who in this role is
called partera, is described in
detail.
MAGAHAT TRIBE
• CULTURE
-Magahatan women deliver in
a sitting position, with the
back firmly pressed against a
wall. A rope is hung from the
roof directly in front of the
woman, and she hangs onto
the rope to attain the delivery
position.
MAGAHAT TRIBE
• CULTURE
-At birth, the infant is swaddled and
rolled on a mat to stimulate blood
circulation. The placenta is squeezed
to stimulate the child's breathing. The
babaylan then cuts the placental cord
with a bamboo knife and ties it with a
white thread about 4 fingers above the
infant's navel. Rituals to hasten
difficult deliveries are described. After
birth, the infant is continually breast-
fed until the next sign of pregnancy.
MAGAHAT TRIBE
• PRACTICE
-Magahats practice swidden
agriculture, because their
settlements are in mountainous
areas. They are food gatherers
and good hunters as well. An
unusual epistolary novel of lost
love, mystic fantasy, and the
search for meaning in life,
wrapped up in a world-wide travel
log of people and places.
ATI TRIBE
• Ati is what the Negrito ethnic
group of Visayans is called.
They are scattered
throughout Boracay, Panay,
and Negros. Genetically,
they share a link with the
other Negrito groups, such
as the Aetas of Luzon, the
Batak of Palawan, the Agta
of Sierra Madres, and the
Mamanwa of Mindanao.
ATI TRIBE
• Their languages are Ati,
Aklanon/Malaynon,
Hiligaynon,Kinaray-a.
• In the Philippines the Aetas or
Aeta ancestors were the
aboriginals or the first
inhabitants of this
Archipelago.
• According to some oral
traditions, they also predate
the Bisaya, who now inhabit
most of the Visayas.
ATI TRIBE
• TRADITIONS
-They have a very
traditional way of life
and rely on forest
resources for their
food, shelter,
medicines and other
necessities.
ATI TRIBE
• BELIEFS
-The Ati (Indigenous People) are
animistic while also believing in
a supreme being. Acculturation
happened in the culture of Ati
(Indigenous People) by adopting
the Roman Catholic celebration
like Semana Santa (holy week)
and believing in the resurrection
offered by Jesus Christ.
ATI TRIBE
• CULTURE
-Atiare known in Panay
as practitioners of
herbal medicine. Locals
often seek their help in
removing leeches from
a person's body.
ATI TRIBE
• PRACTICES
-The Ati practice a form of animism
that involves good and evil spirits.
These spirits are nature spirits that
often guard rivers, the sea, the sky, as
well as the mountains. Sometimes,
they may cause disease or comfort.
The Ati from Negros refer to them as
taglugar or tagapuyo, which literally
means "inhabiting a place."
Christianity has also been adopted
due to less isolation and more contact
with "outsiders".
ATI TRIBE
• PRACTICES
-The Ati practice a form of animism
that involves good and evil spirits.
These spirits are nature spirits that
often guard rivers, the sea, the sky, as
well as the mountains. Sometimes,
they may cause disease or comfort.
The Ati from Negros refer to them as
taglugar or tagapuyo, which literally
means "inhabiting a place."
Christianity has also been adopted
due to less isolation and more contact
with "outsiders".
MAGAHAT

ATI
ANTIQUE
• The province of Antique located in
the Western Visayas Region is home
to the Kinaray-a or Karay-a people. It
is one of the five provinces
comprising Region VI. Antique is
bounded by the rugged central
mountains of Panay, as well as the
provinces of Capiz on the east, Aklan
in the northeast, Iloilo in the
southeast, and finally, the Sulu Sea on
the west. Antique can be reached via
land travel from Iloilo or Aklan, where
Boracay Island, the Philippines' most
famous beach destination, is located.
ANTIQUE
• Antique is one of the most
unexplored provinces by many
travelers and is often overlooked as
an excellent out of town destination.
Its clear waters, secluded beaches,
and hidden rice terraces and
waterfalls are just some of Antique's
little-known charms. It is also home
to the world's largest flower,
Rafflesia speciosa, known as the
corpse flower, that was discovered in
2002 in Sibalom Natural Park.
Antique is also renowned for its
annual celebration of Binirayan
Festival in December.
ANTIQUE
BINIRAYAN FESTIVAL
KARAY-A
TRIBE
KARAY-A TRIBE
• Refers to the ethnolinguistic
group predominantly located
in Panay Island in Western
Visayas. "Karay- a", "Kinaray-
a", Hiniray- a is derived from
ka, meaning "companion",
Iraya, meaning "upstream",
and the infixation in, meaning
" to undergone something.
KARAY-A TRIBE
• CULTURE AND TRADITIONS
- Among the social values most
revered by the traditional Karay- a
are courtesy and respect for both
young and old.
- The value of dagyawanoy
(bayanihan) is held sacred by the
traditional karay- a.
KARAY-A TRIBE
• CULTURE AND TRADITIONS
- The kadugo (blood relatives
have deeper commitment to this
arrangement than others.
Marriage between first degree
cousin among the upland
Karay- a is common practice,
despite church and state
prohibition.
KARAY-A TRIBE
• CULTURE AND TRADITIONS
-Among the Panay Bukidnon
courtship began with the
panganad, which was a yearlylong
period of service rendered by the
suitor to his prospective parent-
in- law. This was followed by the
patalanha or sikreto, when the
suitor, without the woman's
knowledge , met with her parents
to express his intention.
KARAY-A TRIBE
• CULTURE AND TRADITIONS
-Polygony is practice on the
condition that the man can afford
to support his wives. All the wives
may live under the same roof, or a
wife may also choose to live
independently.
KARAY-A TRIBE
• BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
The Karay- a comology is
composed of seven layers:
1. The base - which is
uninhabited.
2. The tubignon - composed of
water and populated by marine
life.
3. The idalmunon - composed of
soil and populated by
underground spirit beings.
KARAY-A TRIBE
• BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
4. The lupanon - the middle layer of
the earth centered populated by
human beings and various engkantu.
5. The kahanginan - the air, sky, and
space above land of human beings, in
populated by flying spirit beings.
6. The ibabawnon - the space farther
up, populated by ancestral spirits.
7. The uppermost level - which is
where Maka- ako.
KARAY-A TRIBE
• BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
The Supernatural Being:

The elementals inhabiting the

Karay- a world are:
• Tamawo
• Kama- kama
• muwa
• burulakaw
• murokpok
• mangingilaw
KARAY-A TRIBE
• BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
• mantiw
• maranhig
• kapri
• sigbin
• bawa
• mulang aswang
• duwende
They fall into 2 categories:
The putian (white) - good
The ituman( black) - evil
KARAY-A TRIBE
• Religious Rituals for Economic
-Religion is inextricably
intertwined with social and
economic activities like fishing
and hunting, influenced by
environmental and ancestral spirit.
- the samba (panaet) "rite for
peace" is the generic ritual held to
appeal for rain for a bounty
harvest or for abundant fish as
well as to prevent krabbe disease
and keep pestilence away.
KARAY-A TRIBE
• Religious Rituals for Economic
Phases for agricultural practice
1. The sagda ceremony
2. The panudlak
3. The pangkuyang
4. The sanggi
KARAY-A TRIBE
CAPIZ
•Known as the “Seafood capital
of the Philippines,” Capiz is a
delight to all seafood lovers. With
an 80-kilometer coastline and a
seemingly endless stretch of
swampland and rivers, Capiz
boasts of a rich harvest from its
waters. Its abundant marine life
produces prawns, crabs, blue
marlin, catfish, mussels, and the
seasonal diwal (angel wings),
among others.
CAPIZ
•Capiz is a blend of rich history
and natural God-given beauty.
After Cebu, Capiz became the
second Spanish settlement.
During the second world war, the
region was occupied by the
Japanese Imperial forces and in
1945, liberation came to the
province through the joint effort
of American troops and Filipino
guerillas. Their main language
spoken is Capiznon and
Hiligaynon.
CAPIZ
•Capiznon, as the locals are
called, are known to be gentle,
affectionate, and hospitable. This
is reflected through their artistic
creations, soothing music,
colorful artworks, and even their
oral lore and beliefs, which have
been handed down though
generations. Myths and legends
add to the mystic beauty that is
Capiz.
CAPIZ
SULUDNON
TRIBE
SULUDNON TRIBE

•Suludnon is
derived from the
root word, “sulud”
which means “room
and inside”
SULUDNON TRIBE
•CULTURE
-Community gatherings
strengthens group integration
by requiring intensive
participation of non-family
members on drinks, feast,
weddings, and religious
celebration. They were known
for their practice of “binukot”.
SULUDNON TRIBE

BINUKOT
SULUDNON TRIBE
•TRADITIONS AND PRACTICES
RELIGION- is an intimate part of
sulod life. Every activity is in
conformity to the wishes of the
spirit and deities.

Death and Burial- When a sulod

dies, everyone in the community
condoles the bereaved family by
contributing material things
needed for “balasan” (wake of the
dead).
SULUDNON TRIBE
•TRADITIONS AND PRACTICES
BINANOG- is the traditional dance of
the suludnon which mimic the flight of
the Philippine eagle accompanied by
an agong.

Panubok- is the traditional hand

embroidery of sulsudnon people.

Leadership- is assumed by the oldest

man in each settlement, they are called
parankutun or counselor and is
assessed by a young man called
timbang.
SULUDNON TRIBE

BINANOG
SULUDNON TRIBE

PANUBOK
SULUDNON TRIBE