POLYGRAPH
PRESENTED BY:
DR THORANA PRAKASH M
INTERN (17M4914)
POLYGRAPH INSTRUMENT
WHAT IS POLYGRAPHY
Polygraphy is the scientific tool of
investigation. It is also called as a "Lie
Detector" & sometimes referred as a
psychophysiological detection.
It is a process by which a study of
functioning of different body system
to detect lies.
DEFINITION OF POLYGRAPH
It is an instrument which is used to detect
truth & deception by measuring Galvanic
Skin Reaction(GSR), respiration rate, pulse
rate & blood pressure.
A BRIEF HISTORY
1. Cesare Lombroso - He invented polygraph in 1895 ,It was made to record blood pressure &
pulse rate.
2. John Larson - Discovered modern polygraph in 1925 which record respiration rate.
3. Leonarde Keeler - He was the co-inventor of polygraph he made further modification to
record additional feature known as Galvanic Skin Response(GSR).
PRINCIPLE
It is based on the principle that if a person is
telling lie, & if there is a fear that the lie will
be detected, the emotional fear result in
stimulation of sympathetic nervous system
that cause physiological changes and some
of this changes can be recorded.
INSTRUMENTATION
Cardio-Sphygmograph - Collects blood pressure and heart rate data.
Pneumograph - measures respiratory patterns.
Galvanograph - measures electrodermal activity or sweat.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
Polygraph machine records multiple(poly) signals
using four to six sensors and these are recorded on a
single strip of moving paper (graph)
Person's breathing rate
Person's perspiration
Person's pulse
This test measures all the natural changes caused by
ANS.
STAGES OF POLYGRAPHY
Pre-test interview :- Introduction related to test.
Chart preparation - Three types of questions are asked as:
1. Irrelevant questions
2. Relevant questions
3. Control questions
Post interview :- Data analysis
THE QUESTIONING TECHNIQUE:
In questioning the subject, generally the basic approaches are followed:
▸ Relevant/Irrelevant Question Technique - Both relevant & irrelevant
questions, pertaining to the case in hand are asked.
▸ Control Questions - These are interspread among the relevant & irrelevant
questions. They do not directly relate to the crime under investigation, but to a
similar situation in which the answers may have a feeling of concern with respect
to either its truthfulness or its accuracy.
Use Of Polygraphy
-Criminal Investigation.
- Personal Investigation.
- Abuse.
Disadvantages
-Not Accurate.
-Not Admissible In Court.
LEGAL ASPECTS
This test is conducted in presence of lawyer & preferably a
doctor.
Must take the consent of accused.
Drugs
Drugs used in the Forensic Psychology for Investigation Purposes.
These include Scopolamine, Sodium thiopental ,3-quinuclidinyl
benzilate,etc
Also known as Truth Serum or Drug Hypnosis or Narco interview
technique.
Hypnosis is induced by using Barbiturate's or other psychotropic
drugs as a means of releasing repress feelings.
By using imagination a person is able to lie In this test, subject's imagination
is neutralized by making him/her semi-conscious In this state, it becomes
difficult to lie and answers would be restricted to facts she/he is already
aware of efforts are made to obtain probative truth about the crime.
Drug i.e Sod.Pentothal is given intravenously
to induce hypnosis A 5% or 10% solution of
drug injected slowly in cubital vein NMT
1gm/grain per minute As individual's speech
slurring interview begins starts.
MOA OF DRUG
Sod. Pentothal (thiopental, Thiopentone) is
a rapid onset Short acting barbiturate general
anaesthetic.
It acts on GABA-A Receptor.
GABA Receptor are Inhibitory channel &
barbiturate Enhance inhibitory activity
Neuronal membrane.
THANK YOU
