Textual Aids in
Understanding Texts
‐
TEXT
a book or other ‐ the main body
written or
of a book or
printed work
other piece of
writing
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Did you know that
there are two types of
text presentation?
What are those?
4
Linear Text
and
Nonlinear Text
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What is a
linear text?
•a traditional text
•needs to be read
from beginning to
end
what are
non-linear
texts?
• Non-sequential reading
path
• In Visual aids such as
graphic organizers, concept
maps, diagrams, charts
WHAT’S THE
DIFFERENCE?
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READING
PATH
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Linear- B to E
Non-linear-
non-sequential
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Linear Text
and
Nonlinear Text
13
Non-linear text uses
Textual Aids
What are Textual Aids?
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Are features that can be
used by the author/ writer
to present information in a
more comprehensive
way. 16
Are tools or instruments
that can be used by the
reader to easily understand
the text/s he/ she is reading.
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Let’s Learn more about
Textual Aids!
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Learning Task 2
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Choose the letter of the
best answer.
1. Textual aids are educational instruments
that are used in classrooms and workplaces.
These ___________ comprehension of texts.
A.simplify
B.complicate
C.creates
D.organize 21
2. Textual aids use ___________ or
images that give a general idea
of the topic.
A.Texts
B. research
C. graphics
D. outlines 22
3. Underlining, Bolding,Highlighting
and ___________ are examples of
simple textual aids that can be
used by anyone easily.
A. Aligning
B. Margining
C. Justifying
D. Italicizing 23
4. ___________ is one example of a
textual aid that helps in identifying the
causes and effects of a situation/
happening.
A. Cause and Effect Diagram
B. Graphic Organizer
C. Flow Diagram
D. Venn Diagram 24
5. ___________ is one example of a
textual aid that identifies the
similarities and differences of two or
more categories.
A. Cause and Effect Diagram
B. Graphic Organizer
C. Flow Diagram
D. Venn Diagram 25
6. ___________ is one example of a
textual aid that shows sequence or a
step by step process of how to do
something.
A. Cause and Effect Diagram
B. Graphic Organizer
C. Flow Diagram
D. Venn Diagram 26
7. ___________ are textual aids that
have visual displays and shows
key content information.
A. Concept Map
B. Graphic Organizer
C. Fishbone diagram
D. Ishikawa Diagram
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8. A ___________ helps you in creating
an outline before writing an essay.
A. Main Idea Organizer
B. Spider Map
C. Hamburger Writing Graphic
Organizer
D. Concept Map
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9. Ishikawa diagram, also called
as ___________, is an example
of a Cause and Effect diagram.
A. Fishbone Diagram
B. Concept Map
C. Flow Diagram
D. Venn Diagram29
10. ___________ is an example of a
textual aid that can show the central
thought with its matching
characteristics.
A. Main Idea Organizer
B. Spider Map
C. Hamburger Writing Graphic
Organizer
D. Concept Map 30
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Let’s Go Deeper!
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Examples of
Non-Linear Text/
Textual Aids
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Graphic Organizers
Graphic Organizers are
visual displays that have key
content information.
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Graphic Organizers
These textual aids/ nonlinear
texts provide learners with
structure for abstract
concepts.
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Cause and Effect Diagram
Fishbone Diagram or Ishikawa
Diagram
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Cause and Effect Diagram
This diagram emphasizes the
connection between different
concepts (cause & effect
relationship).
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Flow Diagram/Chart
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Flow Diagram/Chart
This is a sequence chart that
shows series of events in order.
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Flow Diagram/Chart
If you have a concept that has steps
such as processes or sequence, the
Flow Diagram is the applicable
textual aid organizer.
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Venn Diagram
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Venn Diagram
This is used to identify, classify,
categorize and recognize similarities
and differences of two or more
subjects, ideas, thoughts or concepts.
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Other Graphic Organizers
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Transcoding Linear
to Nonlinear Text
and vice versa (using
Textual Aids)
Is it important to learn
how to change Linear
text to
Non-linear vis a vis?
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It helps people
understand texts better!
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Steps in Transcoding
Linear text to
Non-linear text
1 Read the text
and get the main
idea!
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2 Extract necessary
information for the
visual presentation.
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3 Remember to use
keywords or
phrases only.
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4 Classify
information into
categories.
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Make sure to use the
5 correct non-linear
text to present the
information.
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What is your favorite
dish or dessert recipe?
Present the steps in
preparing or cooking your
favorite food using a flow
chart/diagram.
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Thank you for
Listening!
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