Collision

Momentum

● It is a measure of one’s motion.

● It is the product of an object’s mass and velocity. A moving object has

momentum.
o m = mass is measured in kilograms (kg)

o v = velocity is measured in meters per second (m/s)
o p = momentum is in kilograms meters per second (kg m/s)
Despite having equal velocity, the truck has a higher
momentum than the car because of its mass
● It is a vector quantity.
● It follows the direction of the object’s

velocity.
 An object moving to the right has a

positive velocity (+v).
 An object moving to the left has a

negative velocity (-v).
A car travelling eastbound has
a positive velocity
Example:
Calculate the momentum of a 200 kilogram object traveling at 15
m/s to the east.
Given:
Formula:
Find the answer:
Substitute the given values:

Impulse
• Itis the force applied by an object to

another that causes it to move at a given
time interval. Collision between two cars
● Impulse is the change in momentum of an object. Hence:

Where:
 I is the impulse of the object in kg m/s

 m is the mass of the object in kg
 Δv is the change in velocity in m/s
 Δp is the change in momentum in kg m/s
 v2 is the final velocity and v1 is the initial velocity
 p2 is the final momentum and p1 is the initial momentum
Example:
A 5 kg object is moving with a velocity of 5 m/s to the east. Then,

its velocity changed to 8 m/s to the west. Find the impulse given to
the object.
Given:
Formula:
Substitute the given values:
I = 5 kg (8 m/s – 5 m/s)
Find the answer:
I = -15 kg m/s
Law of Conservation of Momentum
• When two objects in an isolated system collide, the total momentum

of the objects before the collision is equal to the total momentum of
the objects after the collision.
The momentum lost by object 1 would be equal to the

momentum gained by object 2
• Inbilliards, the amount of force
exerted by the cue ball causes the
target ball to move with the same
amount of force but in opposite
direction.
Collision of billiard balls model the law of

momentum conservation
• When
the cue ball hits the target ball,
momentum is transferred.
• The momentum gained by the target ball
is just equal to the momentum lost by
the cue ball during collision.
 No momentum is gained or lost in the

system.
Momentum before and after collision of
billiard balls
• Mathematically, the law can be written as:
•P before is the momentum before collision

•P after is the momentum after collision
It may expanded considering the system’s total

momentum.
•1 and 2 indicate the momentum of the first and

second objects
•i and f indicate initial and final momentum of
the objects
• If there are two objects in collision, the equation can be expanded as:
• m1 is the mass of the first object

• m2 is the mass of the second object
• v1i is the velocity of the first object before collision
• v2i is the velocity of the second object before collision
• v1f is the velocity of the first object after collision
• v2f is the velocity of the second object after collision
Example 1:
• Two cars collided head-on. If the total momentum of the system
before collision is 150 kg· m/s, what is the total momentum after
the collision?
Step 1: Identify what is required to find in the problem.

You are asked to calculate for the total momentum after
collision.
Step 2: Identify the given in the problem.
The initial total momentum of the system is given.
Step 3: Write the working equation.
Step 4: Substitute the given values.
Step 5: Find the answer.

Example 2:
• Two toy cars have initial momentum of 100 kg· m/s and 150 kg· m/s
before collision. If the second toy car has 120 kg· m/s momentum after
collision, what is the momentum of the first toy car after collision?
Step 1: Identify what is required to find in the problem.

You are asked to calculate the final momentum of the first toy
car.
Step 2: Identify the given in the problem.

The initial momentum of both toy cars, and the final
momentum of second toy car are given.
Step 3: Write the working equation.
Step 4: Substitute the given values.
Step 5: Find the answer.

Try It!
Two objects are traveling head-on. If they have initial
momentum of 500 kg m/s and 1000 kg m/s, what is the final
momentum of the second object given that the final momentum of
the first object is 850 kg m/s?
Example 3
• A car with a 100 kg mass moving at a velocity of 10 m/s to the right,
collides with a car with the same mass moving at 40 m/s to the left. What
is the velocity of the second car if the velocity of the first car after the
collision is 15 m/s to the left?
• Given:
m1 = m2 = 100 kg
v1i = 10 m/s
v2i = -40 m/s
v1f = -15 m/s
• Write the working equation
Substitute the given values
Find the answer

Try It!
Carlo and Joseph stand in front of each other. With the go signal,
they push each other. Carlo pushes Joseph with a velocity of 5 m/s. If
Carlo’s mass if 50 kilogram while Joseph’s mass is 65 kilogram,
calculate the velocity of Carlo when he was pushed by Joseph.
Collision-Related Damages
and Injuries
Collision
• A collision
is an event where two objects
exchange impulse and momentum.
oIt is categorized based on the change in the

total kinetic energy in the system.
•There are two types of collision:

o elastic collision Car collision
o inelastic collision
Elastic Collision
• Anelastic collision occurs when the total
kinetic energy of the system remains the same.
• Whenan elastic collision occurs, the two objects
bounce off each other.
oWhen the two objects completely bounce off, the

collision is called perfectly elastic collision.
Cases of elastic collision
Inelastic Collision
• Inelastic
collision occurs when the total kinetic energy of the
system changes after collision due to loss of some energy.
oWhen two objects collide, and they stick together as one body and have
the same velocity after collision, it is called perfectly inelastic
collision.
Example of inelastic collision

Effects of Collision of Objects
• The mass and velocity of objects in a collision determine the damages

or effects.
• Forexample, if a truck and a motorcycle crashes against a wall with
the same speed moving towards the same direction. Which do you
think would be more damaging?
The bike and truck may have the same velocity, but the impact of
collision would be largely determined by mass.
• If
velocity is kept constant, an increase in an object’s mass would also
increase the momentum of the object.
oHence, momentum is also called as the inertia in motion. The larger

is the object, the larger is the momentum for objects with the same
velocity.
• If
two cars with equal mass but different velocity collided with a wall,
the faster car would cause more damage.
oFor example, a 100 kg car moving at a speed of 10 m/s east will have a
larger momentum compared to a 100 kg moving at a speed of 5 m/s east.
• Letus now consider two similar cars traveling with different velocities.
Both cars have the same mass. Car A travels at a velocity of 35 km/hr. to
the right while Car B travels at a velocity of 90 km/hr. Both cars also
collided with a wall.
Promoting Safety in Case of Collisions
• Collisionsare usually observed in

vehicular accidents.
Republic Act No. 8750 requires the

mandatory use of seat belt devices in
all vehicles.
• Mostcars have an inflatable airbag that is activated when there is a
sudden impact on a car.
Inflatable airbags
Solve the following problem. Show your solution.
1. A 1 kg ball moving at an initial velocity of 4 m/s to the right collides

with a 1.8 kg ball moving at an initial velocity of 8 m/s to the left. After
collision, the 1 kg ball has a final velocity of -12 m/s. Solve the
following:
a. What is the total momentum before the collision?
b. What is the final velocity of the 1.8 kg ball after collision?
c. In what direction will it go?
2. If the total final momentum of a horse when it stopped after the race
was –4 750 kg· m/s, what was its initial momentum?
3. If two vehicles which were traveling at initial momentum of 3,800
kg·m/s and 4,550 kg·m/s had a collision accident and one of them had
5,120 kg·m/s momentum after the collision, what is the momentum of
the other vehicle after the collision?
4. Suppose a 100-kg football player is at rest on the field. A friend
throws a 0.4-kg football towards him at a speed of 25 m/s. In a smooth
motion, he receives the ball and throws it back in the same direction at a
speed of 20 m/s. What is the speed of the player after the throw?

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Momentum

● It is a measure of one’s motion.

● It is the product of an object’s mass and velocity. A moving object has

o m = mass is measured in kilograms (kg)

● It follows the direction of the object’s

 An object moving to the right has a

 An object moving to the left has a

Substitute the given values:

• Itis the force applied by an object to

● Impulse is the change in momentum of an object. Hence:

 I is the impulse of the object in kg m/s

A 5 kg object is moving with a velocity of 5 m/s to the east. Then,

Substitute the given values:

Find the answer:

• When two objects in an isolated system collide, the total momentum

The momentum lost by object 1 would be equal to the

Collision of billiard balls model the law of

 No momentum is gained or lost in the

•P before is the momentum before collision

It may expanded considering the system’s total

•1 and 2 indicate the momentum of the first and

• m1 is the mass of the first object

Step 1: Identify what is required to find in the problem.

Step 4: Substitute the given values.

Step 5: Find the answer.

Step 1: Identify what is required to find in the problem.

Step 2: Identify the given in the problem.

Step 4: Substitute the given values.

Step 5: Find the answer.

Find the answer

oIt is categorized based on the change in the

•There are two types of collision:

oWhen the two objects completely bounce off, the

Example of inelastic collision

• The mass and velocity of objects in a collision determine the damages

oHence, momentum is also called as the inertia in motion. The larger

• Collisionsare usually observed in

Republic Act No. 8750 requires the

1. A 1 kg ball moving at an initial velocity of 4 m/s to the right collides

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