𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐀𝐫𝐭 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭

𝒯ℴ𝓅𝒾𝒸 - 𝒩ℯ𝓁𝓈ℴ𝓃 𝓂𝒶𝓃𝒹ℯ𝓁𝒶

• GROUP MEMBERS-
Editorial (Nelson Mandela)
• Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela born on 18 July 1918 was born in village of
Mvezo. He was South Africa’s first black President to be elected in
entirely representative democratic elections.Mandela, got interested in
politics from 1942 and joined the African National Congress in 1944
when he helped to form the ANC Youth League. He was a prominent
anti-apartheid radical and leader of the African National Congress.
Before his presidency, he spent 27 years in jail for committing sabotage
against South Africa's apartheid government. On 5th December 2013,
Nelson Mandela died at the age of 95 after a prolonged respiratory
infection.
• Family
• Nelson Mandela was born into the Madiba clan in the village of Mvezo. His
mother was Nonqaphi Nosekeni and his father was Nkosi Mphakanyiswa
Gadla Mandela, principal counsellor to the Acting King of the Thembu
people, Jongintaba Dalindyebo. In 1930, when he was 12 years old, his
father died and the young Rolihlahla became a ward of Jongintaba at the
Great Place in MqhekezweniAfter completing his studies he returned to the
Great Place at Mqhekezweni the King was furious and said if he didn’t
return to Fort Hare he would arrange wives for him and his cousin Justice.
He ran away to Johannesburg instead. There he worked as a mine security
officer and after meeting Walter Sisulu who was an estate agent.
• Education
• He attended primary school in Qunu where his teacher, gave him the
name Nelson, in accordance with the custom of giving all
schoolchildren “Christian” names.He completed his Junior Certificate at
Clarkebury Boarding Institute and went on to Healdtown, a Wesleyan
secondary school of some repute, where he matriculated.Mandela
began his studies for a Bachelor of Arts degree at the University
College of Fort Hare but did not complete the degree there as he was
expelled for joining in a student protest. He completed his BA through
the University of South Africa and went back to Fort Hare for his
graduation in 1943.
Literary contribution of Nelson Mandela
•  Literature is a reflection of reality and is a mirror of what happens in the world we live. Authors of literature
convey various messages depending on their goals for each, Mandela through his eloquent and strong
writing beautifully preserved events happening in the past.
• Nelson Mandela, the late South African president and philanthropist Peace Prize laureate, was conjointly a
prolific writer. His written inheritance is as monumental as he was in his life. Literary contribution of this
nationalist leader to world extends in its numerous forms- from novels to essays to political letters to poems
and much, much more.
• "Mandela was awarded the Alfred Bernhard Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for negotiating an end to social policy
and fostering racial reconciliation." This impacts literature because he came from that former period where
individuals historically solely have one general perspective on things. however he had contemporary outlook
on a way to solve issues and he needed to vary things. His insight into however we should always live our
lives really impacted literature at that point too once it had been arising with completely different angles on
things like racism and segregation between social categories or the other type of discrimination as well.
A few of his engrossing books which depict history incredibly skilfully as well as some of his very moving and
heart-felt quotes
• There are many books written by Nelson Mandela, some of which are about his life and others
about his views on society. Mandela was a very influential person in South Africa. He led the
fight against apartheid and helped the country to become a democracy. His books are not only
about what he has done but also about what he believes. Mandela believed that education is the
key to success, and that is why he spent so much time teaching.

• Books written by nelson mandela include "Long Walk to Freedom," "Conversations

with Myself," and "The Prison Letters of Nelson Mandela." In "Long Walk to
Freedom," Mandela describes his journey from a young boy in a rural village to his
eventual imprisonment and release. "Conversations with Myself" is a collection of
letters, speeches, and conversations that Mandela had with himself during his 27
years in prison. "The Prison Letters of Nelson Mandela" are a collection of letters that
Mandela wrote to his family and friends while he was in prison.
• "Quotes are an easy way to express the point of view." Mandela had a great deal of things to
mention that has modified everyone' lives. One quote he had same was "We say to our oppressors
that we shall continue singing, otherwise we'll die for nothing". With this he's expressing that his
oppressors are attempting to silence him and his voice however if they don't stop, then they'll be
suppressed forever as a result of he will invariably have a voice and it'll get larger and louder till it
can't be detected by anyone else.
• He also had a quote that read "I have fought against white domination and I have fought against
black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons
live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal for which I hope to live for
and to see realized but, my lord, if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die." This
quote really impacted literature because it gave everyone inspiration to do what they want to do
even if they may die doing it because they will realize what they want to do with their life without
being repressed by the government or any other sort of oppressive force.
• YASH-
Political contribution-
• Nelson Mandela is considered by many to be the father of South Africa.
Mandela was an anti-Apartheid activist, which means that fought for those
who were disadvantaged by the system of racial segregation. Mandela
became a civil rights leader, leading many against the Apartheid government.
• Mandela joined the ANC (African National Congress) in 1944 and was elected
President of the ANCYL (African National Congress Youth League) in 1951. He
first encouraged non-violent protests as he wanted to follow Mahatma
Gandhi's example but this did not work and later on they used more violent
tactics. The apartheid government then labeled Mandela and the other civil
rights activists as terrorists.
ANC-
• The dominant ideological streams of Mandela’s African National Congress (ANC)—
rights-oriented Charterism, Communist non-racialism, Gandhian non-violence, and
Christian reconciliation—enabled the organization to gain support from liberal
democracies, the Soviet Union and East Bloc, the Third World, and from Church
groups and other NGOs.
• Mandela’s personal diplomacy was particularly important in winning support for
the ANC from African states in the 1960s. Given the dominant pan-Africanist
ideology of the era, the ANC’s non-racialism put it at a disadvantage relative to its
breakaway rival, the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), in appealing to African
governments for support. However, after going underground and slipping out of
South Africa, Mandela was able to convince the African leaders he visited in 1962
that PAC leaders’ assertions that the ANC was controlled by white and Indian
Communists, and thus unrepresentative of Black South Africans, were not the case.
AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENTS-
• Mandela received more than 260 awards over 40 years, most notably the
Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
• He won the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1993, along with South Africa’s
president at the time, F.W. De Klerk, for having led the transition from
apartheid to a multiracial democracy. Mandela is also known for being the
first black president of South Africa, serving from 1994 to 1999.

• Mandela died on 5 December 2013, a celebrated elder statesman who

continued to voice his opinion on topical issues.
MAJOR EVENTS OF HIS POLITICAL
JOURNEY-
• 11 February 1990 – Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster
Prison after 27 years of imprisonment.
• 1991 – He is elected president of the African National Congress (ANC).
• 21 December 1991 – The first plenary session of the Convention for a
Democratic South Africa (Codessa) is held at the World Trade Centre
in Johannesburg.
• 10 December 1993 – Mandela and de Klerk jointly won the Nobel
Peace Prize for their efforts to end apartheid peacefully.
APARTHEID
• Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial oppression that
existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s
• Apartheid was characterized by an authoritarian political culture,
which ensured that South Africa was dominated politically, socially,
and economically by the nation's minority white population.
• According to this system of social stratification, white citizens had the
highest status, followed by Indians and Coloureds, then black
Africans.
LAWS BY WHITES-
• The first apartheid law was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act,
1949, which made it illegal for most South African citizens to marry
across racial lines.
• The Population Registration Act,1950 classified all South Africans into
one of four racial groups based on appearance.
• Places of residence were determined by racial classification.
• Between 1960 and 1983, 3.5 million black Africans were removed
from their homes and forced into segregated neighbourhoods as a
result of apartheid legislation.
MANDELA’S FIGHT FOR JUSTICE
• Mandela was arrested by the apartheid government and during the
Rivonia Trail (1963-1964) and was sentenced to jail.
• He spent 27 years in jail, and most of that time was spent on Robben
Island. During this time he had become an international symbol for
the anti-Apartheid movement.
• Mandela and the anti-apartheid movement gained international
support as there were worldwide protests and sanctions against the
apartheid government
SIMILAR NATIONALISTS
Sardar Vallabhai Patel-
• His commitment to national integration in the newly independent country
was total and uncompromising. He was given the name of “Iron Man of
India”. He was also remembered as the “patron saint of India’s civil servants”
for having established the modern All India services systems. His greatest
achievement obviously was unification of India. He was considered to be as a
prominent figure in the Indian Freedom Struggle, where he later became
India’s first Deputy prime minister and first home minister. He was known for
his contribution in integrating 565 princely states into a newly independent
India.
Jomo Kenyatta-
• He was the country’s first indigenous head of government and played a
significant role in the transformation of Kenya from a colony of the British
Empire into an independent republic. Ideologically an African nationalist and
conservative where they led the Kenya African National Union (KANU) party
from 1961. He was the leader of the Kenyan independence movement, is
released by British colonial authorities after nearly nine years of
imprisonment and detention. Two years later, Kenya achieved independence
and Kenyatta became prime minister.
Julius Nyerere-
• He helped form TANU, through which he campaigned for Tanganyikan
independence from the British Empire. Influenced by the Indian
independence leader Mahatma Gandhi, Nyerere preached non-violent
protest to achieve this aim. He was a pronounced pan Africanist, Nyerere
led Tanganyika to independence and later unified it with Zanzibar to form
the nation of Tanzania. Despite shortcomings, his Ujamaa policy is credited
for giving Tanzania a national identity.
• THANK YOU