THE SPEAKING
ENGED
317 PROCESS
Stages of the Speaking Process:
Breathing stage
Phonation stage
Resonation stage
Articulation stage
BREATHIN
G
STAGE
Breathing, which is
primarily concerned with
maintaining life, is
secondarily a force
assisting in vocalization.
It consists of two phases
--- inhalation and
exhalation.
LUNGS
• Serve as the
reservoir of air
• As you inhale, fill
the lungs
comfortably in
preparation for
speaking.
Diaphragm
• A large sheet of
muscle separating
the chest cavity
from the abdomen
• Forms the floor of
the chest and the
roof of the
abdomen
• Gives pressure to
the breath stream
BREATHING EXERCISE:
• 1. Sit up straight. Exhale.
• 2. Inhale and, at the same time, relax the belly muscles. Feel as though the
belly is filling with air.
• 3. After filling the belly, keep inhaling. Fill up the middle of your chest. Feel
your chest and rib cage expand.
• 4. Hold the breath in for a moment, then begin to exhale as slowly as
possible.
• 5. As the air is slowly let out, relax your chest and rib cage. Begin to pull
your belly in to force out the remaining breath.
• 6. Close your eyes, and concentrate on your breathing.
• 7. Relax your face and mind.
• 8. Let everything go.
• 9. Practice about 5 minutes.
PHONATIO
N STAGE
Phonation takes place when
voice is produced in speaking
as the expiratory air stream
from the lungs goes up
through the trachea or
windpipe to the larynx.
Larynx
• Principal organ of
phonation
• Found at the top
of the trachea
• Protuberance is
known as the
“Adam’s apple”
Vocal Cords
• A pair of bundles
of muscles and
cartilages
• Open and close
at various
degrees
Trache
windpipe
a
• Also known as
• Passageway of
air going up
from the lungs
PHONATION EXERCISE
• Think about blowing out birthday
candles.
• Begin to blow and then turn the breath
into an "ooo" sound on a comfortable
pitch. Feel the tone begin in the
breathing muscles.
• Repeat
RESONATIO
N STAGE
The voice produced in phonation is
weak. It becomes strong and rich
only when amplified and modified by
the human resonators. Resonation is
the process of voice amplification and
modification.
Pharynx
• Common passageway
for air and food
• Located behind the
nose and mouth and
includes the cavity at
the back of the tongue
• Divisions of the
pharynx:
– Nasal pharynx
– Oral pharynx
– Laryngeal
pharynx
Nose
• Consists of the external and
internal portions
• Nostrils – openings of the
external nose
• Nasal cavity – internal nose;
directly behind the
external nose through
which the air passes on its
way to the pharynx
• Septum – divides the
external and internal nose
into two separate
passageways
Mouth
• Divided into the vestibule
and the oral cavity
proper
• Vestibule – felt by placing
the tongue tip outside
the teeth but inside the
lips
• Oral cavity – felt by
retracting the tongue,
closing the jaws and
moving the tongue about
rESONATORS
:
Upper part
Oral of the phar
cavi
ty larynx ynx
Nasal
cavi
RESONATION EXERCISE: Pronounce the letters
according to its size. (biggest letters mean
loudest sounds)
a a e e o u
o b i i m n
u m m b p p
b p t l n o
a k h h b v
RESONATION EXERCISE: Read the black
syllables softest and the red syllables
loudest.
Pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa
Ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
La la la la la la la la la
Ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta
Ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba
Fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
Va va va va va va va va va
ARTICULATIO
N STAGE
Articulation o c c u r s when
the t o n e p r o d u c e d in t h e
larynx is changed into
specific sounds.
This is t h e result o f t h e
movement o f t h e
articulators t o w a r d s t h e
points o f articulation.
Lips
• Highly flexible
• Can be moved
into
numerous
positions
essential to
articulation
Teet
• Serve as
important
h
surfaces in
articulation
• Embedded in the
alveolar ridge or
gum ridges of the
oral cavity
Dome
• Also known as the
hard palate
• Bony roof of the
mouth
• Serves as an
important surface
against which
the tongue
makes contact
Uvula
• Small nub on the
lower border of
the soft palate
• Movable tip at
the midline of
the free border
of the soft palate
Velu
m
• Also known as the
soft palate
• Separates the nasal
pharynx from the
oral cavity
• A flexible curtain
attached along the
rear border of the
hard palate
Tongu
• Flexible organ
e
consisting of muscles,
glands and connective
tissues
• Parts of the tongue:
– Apex or tip
– Blade
• Front
• Center
• Back
• root
articulators
Lower
jaw
Uvula Lower lip
Velum Tongue
Upper lip
Upper teeth
Points of Upper
articulation alveolar ridge
Hard palate
Soft palate
