Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

    • 133 views

    Anticoagulants

    Uploaded by

    Pragya Kafley
    This document discusses different anticoagulants used in hematology investigations including EDTA, double oxalate, sodium citrate, and heparin. It provides details on the mechanism of action, advantages, disadvantages, and uses of each anticoagulant. EDTA acts by chelating calcium ions to prevent clotting. Double oxalate combines with calcium to form an insoluble precipitate. Sodium citrate binds calcium to form a complex. Heparin prevents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Each anticoagulant has specific uses depending on the test being performed and ability to preserve cell morphology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Anticoagulants

    Uploaded by

    Pragya Kafley
    133 views17 pages
    This document discusses different anticoagulants used in hematology investigations including EDTA, double oxalate, sodium citrate, and heparin. It provides details on the mechanism of action, advantages, disadvantages, and uses of each anticoagulant. EDTA acts by chelating calcium ions to prevent clotting. Double oxalate combines with calcium to form an insoluble precipitate. Sodium citrate binds calcium to form a complex. Heparin prevents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Each anticoagulant has specific uses depending on the test being performed and ability to preserve cell morphology.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses different anticoagulants used in hematology investigations including EDTA, double oxalate, sodium citrate, and heparin. It provides details on the mechanism of action, advantages, disadvantages, and uses of each anticoagulant. EDTA acts by chelating calcium ions to prevent clotting. Double oxalate combines with calcium to form an insoluble precipitate. Sodium citrate binds calcium to form a complex. Heparin prevents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Each anticoagulant has specific uses depending on the test being performed and ability to preserve cell morphology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    133 views17 pages

    Anticoagulants

    Uploaded by

    Pragya Kafley
    This document discusses different anticoagulants used in hematology investigations including EDTA, double oxalate, sodium citrate, and heparin. It provides details on the mechanism of action, advantages, disadvantages, and uses of each anticoagulant. EDTA acts by chelating calcium ions to prevent clotting. Double oxalate combines with calcium to form an insoluble precipitate. Sodium citrate binds calcium to form a complex. Heparin prevents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Each anticoagulant has specific uses depending on the test being performed and ability to preserve cell morphology.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Anticoagulants

    Faculty, Department of Pathology, SMIMS.


    This presentation is meant for circulation amongst DMLT students of
    SMU only.
    What are anticoagulants

    • Anticoagulants are the chemical agents which prevent the coagulation


    of blood
    Different anticoagulants used in
    hematology investigations
    I. EDTA (Ethylene Di-Amine Tetra Acetic Acid)
    ii. Double oxalate
    iii. Sodium citrate
    iv. Heparin
    v. Sodium fluoride
    EDTA
    •  What is EDTA and what are its different forms and what is its mechanism
    of action?
    • There are three different forms which are
    i. Tripotassium EDTA
    ii. Disodium EDTA
    iii. Di Lithium EDTA
    Tripotassium EDTA is more soluble and it is more preferred than the other
    forms.
    Mechanism of action: EDTA acts by Chelation of calcium ions/ removing the
    free calcium ions. We know that calcium is very much needed for clotting of
    blood. Hence, when the calcium ions are removed, the blood does not clot.
    What are the advantages and
    disadvantages of EDTA as anticoagulant in
    Hematology
    • The advantages are
    i. The morphology of the blood cells are well preserved up to 4 hours and
    hence it is the anticoagulant of choice to peripheral smear preparations and
    cell counts.
    • Disadvantages
    i. If there is excess EDTA/ the volume of blood filled is less so that the relative
    volume of EDTA is excess, then it results in shrinkage of RBC’s. This shrinkage
    can result in erroneously high MCHC and reduced hematocrit with decrease in
    MCV
    ii. Platelets can also disintegrate and can result in erroneously high values/
    Pseudothrombocytopenia.
    iii. EDTA is not suitable for coagulation studies
    Double oxalate
    • It is a combination of ammonium and potassium oxalate in the ratio
    of 3:2 ( 1.2mg and 0.8 mg respectively in 100 ml of distilled water).
    0.5 ml of this solution is sufficient for anticoagulating 5 ml of blood.

    • What is the mechanism of action of double oxalate


    The oxalates combine with calcium in the blood to form insoluble
    precipitate of calcium oxalate. Thus there is depletion of calcium
    which is necessary for coagulation of blood.
    Double oxalate contd…
    • What are the advantages of double oxalate combination
    Ammonium oxalate causes swelling of the cells, whereas potassium
    oxalate results in shrinking. So, the combined effect is that the cells
    retain their original shape and size.

    •  What are the uses of Double oxalate


    This anticoagulant is used in estimation of ESR by Wintrobes’s method
    and PCV.
    Sodium citrate
    •  What is the mechanism of action of sodium citrate
    The sodium citrate binds with the free calcium resulting in sodium
    citrate complex. Thus depleting calcium and preventing coagulation.

    •  What are the uses of Sodium citrate


    i. Used for estimation of ESR by Westergren’s method. The ratio of
    citrate and blood has to be maintained at 1:4
    ii. Used in coagulation studies. The ratio of citrate and blood has to be
    maintained at 1:9
    iii. As a component of Acid Citrate Dextrose solution in blood banking
    Sodium Citrate
    Heparin
    • Heparin an acid mucopolysaccharide, has an affinity for blood
    proteins and act as antithrombin and antithromboplastin. It prevents
    conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, thus resulting in
    anticoagulation.
    • What are the uses of heparin as anticoagulant in hematology
    Heparin is used as anticoagulant in the following hematology
    investigations
    i. Osmotic fragility test
    ii. For L E Cell preparation
    iii. In Microhematocrit capillary tubes.
    Heparin contd…
    Thankyou

    You might also like