Composite Climate IN INDIA

Composite climate

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Submitted to :
Sharuti (190040012) Ar. Mitakshi Sharma
Khushii (190040006)
Jasveer (190040005)
Climatic zones of India


 Hot and dry

 Cold and dry
 Hot and humid
 Cold and cloudy
 Moderate
 Composite
Introduction of composite
climate

 Composite climate displays the
characteristics of hot & dry,
warm & humid as well as cold
climates.
 Their characteristics change from
season to season alternating
between long hot, dry periods of
concentrated rainfall & high
humidity.
 The composite zone covers the
central part of India.
Regions where composite climate
in mainly found in India

 New Delhi
 Punjab
 Haryana
 Uttar Pradesh
 Madhya Pradesh
 Chandigarh
 Chhattisgarh
 Bihar
 Northern part of Rajasthan
Elements of composite climate

Temperature
In summer: Day time temperature 32-45 degree Celsius
Night time 27-32 degree Celsius .
In winter: Day time temperature is 10-25 degree Celsius .
night time temperature is 4-10 degree Celsius
Relative humidity
20% to 25%in dry periods
55% to 95% in wet periods
Elements of composite
climate

Precipitation
Varies between 500 to 1300 mm per year.
Wind direction
Monsoon season : Strong wind are received
from south-east direction.
Winters: Dry cold winds from the north –east.
Summer: Winds are hot and dusty.
Elements of composite climate

Vegetation
Deciduous trees, creepers and vines are used to shade
the building during summer and admit sunlight during
winter like
 Peepal Tree {Ficus Religiosa},
 Jasmin/Indian Cork {Millingtonia Hortensis},
 Bismarck Palm {Bismarck Nobilis},
 Sita Asoka {Saraca Asoca},
 Orchid Tree {Bauhinia Variegata}, etc.
Peepal Tree Bismarck Palm
VEGETATION Indian Cork Tree
Sita Ashoka Tree Orchid Tree

Elements of composite
climate

Sky condition
Summer: Occasional haze
Winter: Clear
Monsoon: Overcast and dull
Solar radiation
Summer: Very high intensity with diffuse radiation
amounting to a small fraction o f the total .
Monsoon: Low intensity with pre dominantly diffuse
radiation.
Design features

 Orientation of the house should be such that
penetration of sunrays is maximum in winter and
minimum in summer.
 Proper orientation also help in receiving natural light
and ventilation.
Design Features

 Large projecting eaves and wide verandas as
outdoor living area, to reduce sky glare, keep out the
rain and provide shades.
 Courtyards allow sun penetration during winter, but
shading in hot season.
Design Features

 Jalis on the outer façade of
the building helps in cooling,
shading and ventilation.
 To prevent the rainwater
from coming inside the
building, we provide high
plinth level to the building.
Design Features

 We provide large number of openings in the
building to reduce humidity and ventilation.
 The opening should be like having small inlet
opening and large outlet opening.
Design Features

 Walls work as an insulator of the heat so that they
don’t allow heat to attack inside the building in
summers and to spread outside from inside in
winters.
 We can also use hollow concrete block walls to
reduce heat gains.
 Heat gain by the roof minimized by insulation and
reflective roof finishes.
Rang Mahal, Red Fort, Delhi

 It is also called palace of colour.
 Location: - Delhi
 Climatic zone: - Composite climate
 Built in: - 17th century
 Architect: - Ustad Ahmad Lahori
 Architectural style: - Indo-Islamic,
Mughal
 It is originally served as a part of the
imperial harem and was know as the
palace of distinction {Imtiaz Mahal}.

Climate description: -
 New Delhi has a composite climate.
 It has a very hot and dry summer, followed by a
humid season with monsoon rains.
 With the departure of the monsoon it gradually
becomes comfortable in autumn, followed by a short
winter with the cloud and wet as well as sunny
periods.
 Before the summer returns there is a comfortable
but short spring seasons.

Plan of Rang Mahal Rang Mahal


 The Rang Mahal at the red fort royal palace has
spaces suitable for every season.
 Rooms have thick walls and small openings for
summer days and winter nights.
 Verandas are for evenings and morning.

 There is a screened balcony that will cut out the sun
but enjoy the monsoon breeze during the humid
season.

 Additional, there is water stream flowing through
the middle and the screens and awnings that can be
raised or lowered to modulate the light, provide
shade, or insulate against the heat or cold.
Palace of Assembly , Chandigarh

 Location :- Capitol complex , Sector 1 , Chandigarh
 Climate zone :- composite climate
 Built in :- 1951
 Architect :- Le Corbusier
 The Palace of Assembly is a legislative assembly
building. The Palace of Assembly features a circular
assembly chamber, a forum for conversation and
transactions, and stair-free circulation.
Palace of Assembly

Plan of Palace of assembly Section of palace of assembly

Palace of Assembly

 Sun protection louvers
have been provided on
lateral walls for protecting
glazing against sun . The
two legislative chambers
are surrounded by a space
which serves for
circulation as well as
informal meetings.
Palace of Assembly

 There is water body is present in front of the palace of assembly
which allows evaporative cooling . As a result , during the
daytime areas around water bodies are generally cooler.
 Around palace of assembly there is a lot of vegetation which
allow shades in summer and allow sun ray in cool season when
they loose their foliage.
Palace of Assembly
Building is lifted on columns

or pilotis and making it as
ground floor free.
Large verandah is provided

in the building.
Palace of Assembly

 Palace of Assembly is designed to encourage the
movement of people and ideas. High ceilings and
narrow columns make the space feel expansion.
 There is a central courtyard is provided for public
which allow sun penetration during the winter but
provides shading in the hot season.
Thank you


Composite Climate IN INDIA

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Composite Climate IN INDIA

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Composite climate

 Hot and dry

VEGETATION Indian Cork Tree

Sita Ashoka Tree Orchid Tree

Plan of Rang Mahal Rang Mahal

Plan of Palace of assembly Section of palace of assembly

Large verandah is provided

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