ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

MATERIALS AND MEDIA

Lecturer: Sri Suci

Suryawati, M.Pd
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL AND MEDIA AND ITS FUNCTION

🠶A. Instructional Material

Instructional material refers to anything which is used by teachers or

learners to facilitate the learning of a language.
🠶Materials could obviously be Cassettes, Videos, Cd-roms,
Dictionaries, Grammar Books, Readers, Workbooks Or
Photocopied Exercises.

🠶They could also be newspapers, food

packages, photographs, live talks by invited
native speakers, instructions given by a
teacher, tasks written on cards or
discussions between learners.
🠶In other words, They Can Be Anything Which Is
Deliberately Used To Increase The
Learners’ Knowledge And/Or Experience.
🠶Keeping this pragmatic concept of materials
in mind can help materials developers to
utilise as many sources of input as possible
and, even more importantly, can help
teachers to realise that they are also
material
developers and that they are ultimately
responsible for the materials that
learners their
use.
🠶Instructional material control
learning and theteaching, becaus
those determine
e
components
materials and themethod of
learning; they control the content,
the method, and procedures of
learning.
🠶In many Cases, Instructional Materials Are
The Center Of Instruction And
One Of The Most Important
Influences On What Goes On In
The Classroom.
B. Materials Development

🠶 Materials development refers to anything

which is done by writers, teachers or learners
to provide sources of language input and to
exploit those sources in ways which maximise
the likelihood of intake: in other words the
supplying of information about and/or
experience of the language in ways designed
to promote language learning.
🠶Materials developers might write
textbooks, tell stories, bring
advertisements into the classroom,
express an opinion, provide
samples of language use or read
a poem aloud.
🠶WHATEVER THEY DO TO
PROVIDE INPUT THEY
DO SO IN PRINCIPLED
WAYS RELATED TO WHAT
THEY KNOW ABOUT
HOW LANGUAGES CAN
BE EFFECTIVELY
LEARNED.
C. The Function of Instructional Materials

🠶There are five functions what materials suppose to do. They should:

🠶1. Act as a stimulus to learning (e.g. texts are

interesting; there are opportunities for learners to use
their existing knowledge and skills; both teacher and
learners can c o p e with the content);
🠶2. Help to organize the teaching learning
process
(e.g there should be a clear and coherent
structure which helps the teacher to plan
lessons and learners to feel a sense of
progress and achievement, but
structure should not be the
so
monotony rigid
results. that
🠶3. Embody a view of the nature of teaching and
learning (i.e. reflects the beliefs of the writer)

🠶4. Reflect the nature of the learning task – in

this case, language learning (i.e. represent the
complexity of language learning but also its
manage ability)

🠶5. Provide models of correct and appropriate

language use.
D. Instructional Media

🠶A medium (plural media) is a channel

of communication, derived from the
Latin word meaning “between”. The
term refers to anything that carries
information between a source and a
receiver. Definition of media focus on
use of technologies plus concepts and
contexts.
🠶Medias are the means for
transmitting or delivering messages
and in teaching-learning
perspective delivering content to
the learners,
to achieve effective instruction.
🠶Instructional media for learning-
teaching process provide with the
tools to engage learners powerfully
in the learning process.
It greatly enhance the effectiveness
of communication.
🠶If it is properly designed, skillfully produced and
effectively used have great influence on
teaching & learning because it produces
impact of:
🠶• Save time
🠶• Increase interest
🠶• Hold attention
🠶• Clarify ideas
🠶• Reinforce concepts
🠶• Add tone
🠶• Prove a point
🠶• Aid memory
🠶Media can be used effectively
in formal situation where students
are working independently or
teacher is working with other group
of students.
🠶Media play a significant role in the
education of students with
exceptionalities children with disabilities
in particular need special instructional
treatment which is supplemented with
adaptation and specially designed
media for effective instruction of such
students.
🠶THE MOST COMMON USE OF MEDIA
IN AN INSTRUCTIONAL SITUATION IS
FOR SUPPLEMENTAL
SUPPORT OF THE
INSTRUCTOR IN THE
CLASSROOM TO
ENHANCE LEARNING.
🠶Every application of media is
somewhat unique, but in any case
it must be guided by both general
principles of learning and the
context in which these principles
are employed.
🠶FOR THE INSTRUCTIONAL USE OF
MEDIA PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED
INTENTIONALLY TO MAKE THE
TEACHING-LEARNING
ENVIRONMENT MORE
INTERESTING AND EFFECTIVE.
E. The Function of media in Language Teaching

The impact use of media may increase by

applying the following principles
🠶Select material with appropriate attributes
🠶Introduce material to learner by relating it to prior
learning and indicating its relationship to
present objectives
🠶Present material under the best
possible environmental conditions.
🠶Get feedback from viewers/learners.
🠶Evaluate interial impact.
🠶A TEACHER CAN MAKE
MORE EFFECTIVE USE OF
MEDIA IF HE/SHE
UNDERSTAND
UNDERLYING CONCEPTS
ABOUT TEACHING-
LEARNING PROCESS.
BEHAVIOR, SO SPECIFY
BEHAVIORAL
(PERFORMANCE)
OBJECTIVES;
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
AND MEDIA ARE
HIGHLY STRUCTURED.
🠶While cognitivists stress internal or
learner control over mental process,
so specify cognitive objectives,
allow learners to employ their own
cognitive strategies. Instructional
design and media is less structured.
🠶Teaching and learning are considered
complex processes, influenced by
different multiple factors, including use
of media or instructional aids, which
results active involvement of learners
and makes teaching more interactive.
🠶 THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERACTIVE LEARNING OR ACADEMIC
ENGAGEMENT IS REFLECTED FROM THE FOLLOWING QUOTE
FROM KILLEN ROY.
🠶“Instructional activities must be arranged so that
students have appropriate opportunities to engage
in meaningful learning (as opposed to rote
learning). Academic engagement will be evident
when students are on task, focused on important
issues and consciously striving to learn. Students
need to be seriously engaged in learning in order
to achieve deep understanding. Academic
engagement is closely linked to students
commitment and motivation and to the nature of
interactions within classroom social systems”.
🠶In order to make the learning experiences
of the learners more concrete and
realistic, teachers has to use and prepare
specific teaching materials. These
instructional gadgets help teachers to
clarify, establish and correlate concepts
of learners
🠶It also helps to teach abstract concepts in a meaningful way

🠶“Teaching aids certainly amplify teacher effortful

presentation more into influencing instructions. The
use of variety of teaching aids has successfully
transformed most classrooms from traditional
setup, where teachers do most of the talking and
students are passive listeners, into participatory
learning centers facilitating productive learning”.
Thank you