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Overview of Aldehydes and Their Properties

This document defines aldehydes as organic compounds containing a carbonyl functional group. It discusses the properties, structural formula, and nomenclature of aldehydes. The document also explains that formaldehyde is the simplest and most widely used aldehyde industrially, though it is also a carcinogen.

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53 views10 pages

Overview of Aldehydes and Their Properties

This document defines aldehydes as organic compounds containing a carbonyl functional group. It discusses the properties, structural formula, and nomenclature of aldehydes. The document also explains that formaldehyde is the simplest and most widely used aldehyde industrially, though it is also a carcinogen.

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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ALDEHYDES

DEFINITION OF
ALDEHYDES
• Aldehydes are organic compounds which
incorporate a carbonyl functional group,
C=O. The carbon atom of this group has two
remaining bonds that may be occupied by
hydrogen or alkyl or aryl substituents.
PROPERTIES OF
ALDEHYDES
• Boiling point
  The boiling point of aldehydes and ketones
increases with increase in molecular weight.
• Solubility
Aldehydes are soluble in water but their solubility
decreases with increase in the length of the chain. 
STRUCTURAL FORMULA OF ALDEHYDES

• The general formula is CnH2n+2.


NOMENCLATURE OF
ALDEHYDES
• 1. Aldehydes take their name from their parent alkane
chains. The -e is removed from the end and is
replaced with -al.
• 2. The aldehyde functional group is given the #1
numbering location and this number is not included
in the name.
If methyl/ ethyl groups is attached to the chain.
If –OH and methyl/ethyl groups is attached to the
chain.
 If we have double bonds or alkene chain.
NOMENCLATURE OF
ALDEHYDES
• 3. For the common name of aldehydes start with the
common parent chain name and add the suffix
-aldehyde.
USEFULNESS OF ALDEHYDES

• Hundreds of individual aldehydes are used by


chemists daily to synthesize other
compounds, but they are less important in
industrial synthesis (that is, the production of
compounds on a scale of tons).
USEFULNESS OF ALDEHYDES

• Only one aldehyde, formaldehyde, is used to a


significant degree in industry worldwide, as
determined by the number of tons of the chemical
utilized per year.
• The simplest aldehyde is formaldehyde and is
a gas at room temperature.
USEFULNESS OF ALDEHYDES

• It is very soluble in water and is sold as a 37%


aqueous solution called formalin.
• Formaldehyde has been used as a very effective
preservative and bactericide but it is
• also a carcinogen and should not be used without
proper precautions.
LINKS/SOURCES:
• https://www.britannica.com/science/aldehyde/Uses-of-aldehydes
• http://www.ucc.ie/academic/chem/dolchem/html/dict/aldehyde.html
• https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/aldket1.htm
• BOOKS.

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