EDUCATION
MAXIMS OF Teaching
“ The term Maxim of teaching may be defined as rules for presenting difficult
terms and concepts to make them easy to comprehend in classroom teaching”.
A teacher employs some specific ways to organize teaching to make terms and
concepts communicable up to the cognition or mental process of learners. It is
help full in developing communication.
The following are the main features of a maxim of teaching. Teaching maxim
helps in organizing teaching activates.
■ It makes presentation of terms and concept easily understandable.
■ It enables teacher to make his communication effective for the mental level
of students.
■ It makes presentation of terms and concepts easily understand.
■ It is important component of instructional procedure which is used in design
and present effective methods.
1) From Simple to Complex
The nature of this maxim is more psychological, that a child learns easy things and
avoid complex or difficult contents. Under this maxim, simple terms and concepts are
taught first, then proceeds to complex thing. In language teaching, simple sentences
awareness is given to practice then proceeds to form complex sentences. In teaching
history and geography, local awareness is provided after that related facts and
concepts are taught.
(2) From Known Unknown
It assumes that students acquired knowledge is given by linking with actual
knowledge. students can learn better and retain for a longer time. A teacher
introduces new knowledge by linking with previous knowledge, thus he makes use of
maxim form known to unknown.
(3) From Whole to part
The maxim of teaching is given by this Gestalt school of psychology or perception.
Inhuman perception, we perceive the whole first them to part.
For example, if we perceive a picture of thing, the whole is such a way that that
students can perceive whole then its parts because whole attracts first.
(4) From Part to Whole
BF. Skinner gives emphasis on part to whole maxims of teaching. He assumes that student
learn better if the content is presented in small parts. The first fundamental principle of
this strategy principles includes dividing whole into small steps or parts. Both maims of
teacher used in preparing instructional material.
(S)From Concert Abstract
It is also psychological rule of learning. The child has the curiosity to know about object
and things which are around him. The learning of a child is from perception and experience
about the objects. After perception, concepts are formed which are partially concert and
partially abstract in nature. At the primary stage, letters and numbers are presented in
concrete form the proceeds in its abstract form.
(6) From Direct or Seen to Indirect;
The Awareness of certain things and events cannot be provided directly or some time
difficult. A teacher should take help of things and events which are directly related or in
contact New terms and concepts can be easily taught by related to their experiences.
(7) From Particular to general:
The particular fact must be presented to children before giving them
general rules, Particular is more definite than general. The study of
particular facts should lead the children to frame general rules. The rules of
grammar, science and Math’s are based on this principle. For example, the
definition of adjective may be arrived at after the Pupil Describe a number
foodies like red pencil, small boy, white cow etc.
(8) From Analysis to Synthesis
This maxim is given by cognitive psychology. The analysis is a mental
process. Every phenomenon is multidimensional therefore, it is to be
analyzed into its components. An effective teacher first analyses the various
aspects of a content them he tries to integrate or synthesis. The analysis
and synthesis both are metal process. This maxim is most frequently used in
creative teaching
(9) From Empirical to Rational
A child learns by doing or experiencing. The learning by doing is most popular Teaching
technique. The observation of child has the significant role in his learning process. A child
acquires most of his learning through observations. The learning by imitation is also
based on ad observation. In the process of education, empirical and logical both type of
knowledge inessential. The activities of teaching should be so organized that can provide
new experience through observation them teacher should proceed logical aspect of it.
The maxim also develops logical attitude among children. The maxim of teaching is
employed in teaching language. Mathematics, Science and social subjects.
(10) From Psychological to Lociagical
A teacher analyses teaching content into sub-content or topic, each sub-topic is analyze
into units. The sub-topics are arranged in a logical sequence them units of each sub-topic
are further arranged in logical sequence. This sequence should friction psychologically. It
may suit students learning in ancient time logical sequence was given importance but
now psychology sequence is considered most important in teaching learning process.
