PROJECTILE
MOTION
by: MS. SAHARA R. JACOB
Science 9 Teacher
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Define Projectile Motion
• Explain Projectile Motion
• Identify the types of Projectile Motion
• Differentiate the types of Projectile Motion
• Explain and summarize all the kinematics
equation
in solving Projectile Motion problems
• Solve problems involving the types of
Projectile Motion
WHAT IS PROJECTILE?
Projectile -Any object which projected by some means and continues
to move due to its own inertia (mass).
PROJECTILES MOVE
TWO DIMENSIONS
IN
A projectile moves in 2 -
dimensions, therefore, it has
2 components just like a
resultant vector.
HORIZONTAL “VELOCITY”
COMPONENT
• It NEVER changes, covers equal
displacements in equal time periods. This
means the initial horizontal velocity equals
the final horizontal velocity
In other words, the
horizontal
velocity is
CONSTANT.
BUT WHY?
Gravity DOES NOT work
horizontally to increase or
decrease the velocity.
VERTICAL
“VELOCITY”
• Changes (dueCOMPONENT
to gravity), does NOT cover
equal displacements in equal time periods.
Both the MAGNITUDE and DIRECTION
change. As the projectile moves up the
MAGNITUDE DECREASES and its direction
is UPWARD. As it moves down the
MAGNITUDE INCREASES and the direction
is DOWNWARD.
COMBINING
COMPONENT
THE
S
Component Magnitude Direction
Horizontal Constant Constant
Vertical Changes Changes
These components
produce what is called
a TRAJECTORY or
path.
This path is
PARABOLIC
in nature.
HORIZONTALLY
LAUNCHED PROJECTILES
Projectiles which have NO upward trajectory and NO
initial VERTICAL velocity.
v x constant
v ox
voy 0 m / s
HORIZONTALLY LAUNCHED
PROJECTILES
To analyze a projectile in 2 dimensions we need 2
equations. One for the “x” direction and one for
the “y” direction. And for this we use kinematic #2.
x voxt y 1 2 gt 2
Remember, the velocity is Remember that since the
CONSTANT horizontally, so projectile is launched
that means the acceleration horizontally, the INITIAL
is VERTICAL VELOCITY is equal
ZERO! to
ZERO.
HORIZONTALLY LAUNCHED
PROJECTILES
Example:
A plane traveling with a What do I What I want to
horizontal velocity of 100 m/s know? know?
is 500 m above the ground. At
some point the pilot decides to vox =100 t=?
drop some supplies to m/s
designated target below. (a) y = 500 m x=?
How long is the drop in the air?
(b) How far away from voy = 0
point where it was m/s
launched will it g = -9.8 m/s/s
a
l n d?
y 12 gt 2 500 12 (9.8)t
x vox t (100)(10.1) 1010 m
102.04 t 2 t 10.1 seconds
2
VERTICALLY LAUNCHED PROJECTILES
NO Vertical Velocity at the top of the trajectory.
Vertica Vertical Velocity
lVelocity increases on the
decreases on way down,
the way
upward Horizontal Velocity
is constant
Component Magnitude Direction
Horizontal Constant Constant
Vertical Decreases up, 0 Changes
@ top, Increases
down
VERTICALLY LAUNCHED PROJECTILES
Since the projectile was launched at a angle,
the velocity MUST be broken into
components!!!
vox
voy vo
vo voy
sin
vox
vo cos
VERTICALLY LAUNCHED
PROJECTILES
There are several things you
must consider when doing
these types of projectiles
besides using components. If it
begins and ends at ground
level, the “y” displacement is
ZERO: y = 0
VERTICALLY LAUNCHED PROJECTILES
You will still use kinematic #2, but YOU MUST
use COMPONENTS in the equation.
vo voy x voxt y vo t 1 g 2
2
y t
vox
vox vo cos
voy vo sin
EXAMPL
E
A place kicker kicks a football with a velocity of 20.0 m/s and at
an angle of 53 degrees.
(a) How long is the ball in the air?
(b) How far away does it land?
(c) How high does it travel?
vox vo cos
vox 20 cos
voy 12.04
53 vo sinm / s
voy 20sin 53 15.97 m /
s
EXAMPL
E
A place kicker kicks a What I know What I want
football with a to know
of 20.0 m/s and at
velocity vox=12.04 m/s t=?
angle
an of 53
voy=15.97 m/s x=?
degrees.
(a) How long is the
in the y=0 ymax =?
ball
air? g = - 9.8
m/s/s
y voy t 12 gt 2 0 (15.97)t 4.9t
2
15.97t 4.9t2 15.97 4.9t
t 3.26 s
EXAMPL
E
A place kicker kicks a What I know What I want
football with a to know
vox=12.04 m/s t = 3.26 s
velocity of 20.0 m/s
voy=15.97 m/s x=?
and atof
angle an53 degrees.
y=0 ymax=?
(b) How far away does g = - 9.8
it land? m/s/s
x voxt (12.04)(3.26) 39.24 m
SAMPLE
PROBLEM: What I know What I want
to know
A place kicker kicks a vox=12.04 m/s t = 3.26 s
football with a velocity
voy=15.97 m/s x = 39.24 m
of 20.0 m/s and at an
angle of 53 degrees. y=0 ymax=?
g = - 9.8
(c) How high does it m/s/s
travel?
y voy t 12 gt
2
CUT YOUR TIME IN y (15.97)(1.63)
HALF! 4.9(1.63)
y
2
13.01 m
BASICS STUDENTS SHOULD
KNOW
1. What is a Projectile Motion?
2. What is a Projectile?
3. What is aTrajectory?
4. Why is Horizontal Velocity is constant all throughout in
Projectile Motion?
5. Why is Vertical velocity is zero at maximum height?
6. What is changing in Projectile Motion?
7. What is the difference between Half Projectile Motion and
Full Projectile Motion?
8. What is the difference Half-Time and Hang-Time?
9. Is there an acceleration along the horizontal in Projectile
Motion?
10. Is there an acceleration along the vertical in Projectile
Motion? What is it?
HALF PROJECTILE
MOTION
FULL PROJECTILE
MOTION
PROJECTILE MOTION
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
ax = o, Vox=Vx Half Projectile:
= constant Voy=
0
Half Y=1/2 ag t², use ag = -9.8
projectile: R= m/s² Full Projectile:
Voxt @max pt/ht:
Full Projectile: Vy=0, use ag = -9.8
X = Xo + m/s² Y = Yo + Voyt + ½
Voxt R = agt²
VoxT
OTHER KINEMATICS EQUATIONS TO
BE USED IN PROJECTILE MOTION
1. Vox = Vo cos ø
2. Voy = Vo sin ø
3. V = √Vx² + Vy²
4. Ø = tanˉ¹ (Voy/Vox) or Vy/Vx
5. Vy² = Voy² + 2 agY
6. Vy = Voy + agt
MORE
EXAMPLES
1. A slingshot is used to launch a stone horizontally
from the top of a 20.0 meter cliff. The stone
lands
36.o meters away.
a. At what speed was the stone launched? (17.82
m/s)
[Link] is the speed and angle of impact?
( 26.64 m/s, -47.98 degrees)
2. A cannon fires a cannonball 500.0m downrange
when set at 45 degree angle. At what velocity does
the cannonball leave the cannon? (Answer:
70.0m/s)
EVALUATION
1.A punter in a football game kicks a ball from the
goal line at 60 degrees from the horizontal at 25.0
m/s
a. What is the hang time of the punt? (Ans: 4.41 s)
b. How far downfield does the ball land? (Ans:
55.2m)
2.A skier leaves the horizontal end of a ramp with a
velocity of 25.0m/s and lands 70.0 m from the base
of the ramp. How high is the end of the ramp from
the ground? (Answer: 38.5 m)
ASSIGNMENT
1. What is a
Momentum
2. What is an Impulse
3. Bring the following
a. Block of Wood
b. Masking Tape
c. Protractor
d. Ruler/Meter Stick
QUOTE TO LIVE BY…
“Project, launch
yourself and be
discovered…”
-YOURS TRULY-
