Chapter 8: DHCP
Instructor Materials
CCNA Routing and Switching
Routing and Switching Essentials v6.0
Chapter 8: DHCP
Routing and Switching Essentials v6.0
Planning Guide
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
Chapter 8: DHCP
CCNA Routing and Switching
Routing and Switching Essentials v6.0
Chapter 8 - Sections & Objectives
8.1 DHCPv4
• Implement DHCPv4 to operate across multiple LANs in a small to medium-sized business
network.
• Explain how DHCPv4 operates in a small- to medium-sized business network.
• Configure a router as a DHCPv4 server.
• Configure a router as a DHCPv4 client.
• Troubleshoot a DHCP configuration for IPv4 in a switched network.
8.2 DHCPv6
• Implement DHCPv6 to operate across multiple LANs in a small to medium-sized business
network.
• Explain the operation of DHCPv6.
• Configure stateless DHCPv6 for a small to medium-sized business.
• Configure stateful DHCPv6 for a small to medium-sized business.
• Troubleshoot a DHCP configuration for IPv6 in a switched network.© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13
8.1 DHCPv4
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14
DHCPv4 Operation
Introducing DHCPv4
DHCPv4 assigns IPv4 addresses and other network configuration information dynamically.
• A dedicated DHCPv4 server is scalable and relatively easy to manage.
• A Cisco router can be configured to provide DHCPv4 services in a small network.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15
DHCPv4 Operation
DHCPv4 Operation Four step process for a client to obtain a
lease:
1. DHCP Discover (DHCPDISCOVER) -
client uses Layer 2 and Layer 3 broadcast
addresses to find a DHCP server.
2. DHCP Offer (DHCPOFFER) - DHCPv4
server sends the binding DHCPOFFER
message to the requesting client as a
unicast.
3. DHCP Request (DHCPREQUEST) – the
client sends back a broadcast
DHCPREQUEST in response to the servers
offer.
4. DHCP Acknowledgment (DHCPACK) –
the server replies with a unicast DHCPACK
message.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16
DHCPv4 Operation
DHCPv4 Message Format
DHCPv4 messages:
• If sent from the client, use UDP source
port 68 and destination port 67.
• If sent from the server, use UDP
source port 67 and destination port 68.
Format and fields of a DHCPv4 Message
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17
DHCPv4 Operation
DHCPv4 Discover and Offer Messages
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18
Configuring a Basic DHCPv4 Server
Configuring a Basic DHCPv4 Server
Configuring a Cisco router as a
DHCPv4 server:
• Excluding IPv4 Addresses – ip
dhcp excluded-address can
exclude a single address or a range
of addresses from being assigned.
• Configuring a DHCPv4 Pool - ip
dhcp pool pool-name command
creates a pool with the specified
name and puts the router in
DHCPv4 configuration mode.
• Address pool assigned using
network command.
• Default gateway assigned using
default-router command.
• Other commands are optional.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19
Configuring a Basic DHCPv4 Server
Verifying DHCPv4
Verify DHCPv4 configuration using the show running-config |section dhcp command.
Verify the operation of DHCPv4 using the show ip dhcp binding command.
Verify that messages are being received or sent by the router using the show ip dhcp server
statistics command.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20
Configuring a Basic DHCPv4 Server
DHCPv4 Relay
DHCPDISCOVER messages are sent as broadcast messages.
Routers do not forward broadcasts.
A Cisco IOS helper address is configured so that the router acts as a relay agent forwarding the
message to the DHCPv4 server.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
Configuring a Basic DHCPv4 Server
Lab - Configuring Basic DHCPv4 on a Router
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22
Configuring a Basic DHCPv4 Server
Lab - Configuring Basic DHCPv4 on a Switch
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23
Configuring DHCPv4 Client
Configuring a Router as DHCPv4 Client
Small office/home office (SOHO)
and branch sites often have to be
configured as DHCPv4 clients.
Use the ip address dhcp
interface configuration mode
command.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24
Configuring DHCPv4 Client
Configuring a Wireless Router as a DHCPv4 Client
Wireless routers are set to
receive IPv4 addressing
information automatically from
the ISP.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25
Configuring DHCPv4 Client
Packet Tracer - Configuring DHCPv4 Using Cisco IOS
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 26
Troubleshoot DHCPv4
Troubleshooting Tasks
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 27
Troubleshoot DHCPv4
Verify Router DHCPv4 Configuration
Verify DHCPv4 Relay - use
show running-config
command to verify that the ip
helper address is configured.
Verify DHCPv4 configuration -
use the show running-
config | include no service
dhcp command to verify dhcp
is enabled because there is
no match for the no service
dhcp.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 28
Troubleshoot DHCPv4
Debugging DHCPv4
The extended ACL is used with
the debug ip packet command
to display only DHCPv4
messages.
Another troubleshooting command
is the debug ip dhcp server
events.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29
Troubleshoot DHCPv4
Lab - Troubleshooting DHCPv4
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30
8.2 DHCPv6
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 31
SLAAC and DHCPv6
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)
Two methods to dynamically assign
IPv6 global unicast addresses:
• Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
(SLAAC).
• Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol for IPv6 (Stateful DHCPv6).
SLAAC uses ICMPv6 Router
Solicitation and Router
Advertisement messages to provide
addressing and other configuration
information.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 32
SLAAC and DHCPv6
SLAAC Operation
The router must have IPv6 routing enabled–
ipv6 unicast-routing
PC1 sends an RS message to the all-routers
multicast address that it needs an RA.
R1 responds with an RA message that has
the prefix and prefix length of the network.
PC1 uses this information to create its IPv6
global unicast address. It creates its interface
id using EUI-64 or randomly generates it.
PC1 must verify that the address is unique by
sending an ICMPv6 Neighbor Solicitation
message.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 33
SLAAC and DHCPv6
SLAAC and DHCPv6
Different combinations of the Managed
Address Configuration flag (M flag) and
the Other Configuration flag (O flag) in
the RA determine how the IPv6 address
is assigned:
• SLAAC (Router Advertisement only)
• Stateless DHCPv6 (Router Advertisement
and DHCPv6)
• Stateful DHCPv6 (DHCPv6 only)
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 34
SLAAC and DHCPv6
SLAAC Option
SLAAC is the default on Cisco routers. Both the M flag and the O flag are set to 0 in the RA.
This option instructs the client to use the information in the RA message only.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 35
SLAAC and DHCPv6
Stateless DHCPv6 Option
DHCPv6 is defined in RFC 3315.
Stateless DHCPv6 option - client
uses the RA message for
addressing, additional parameters
are obtained from DHCPv6
server.
O flag is set to 1 and the M flag is
left at the default setting of 0. Use
command ipv6 nd other-config-
flag.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 36
SLAAC and DHCPv6
Stateful DHCPv6 Option
RA message informs the client
not to use the information in
the RA message.
All addressing and
configuration information must
be obtained from a stateful
DHCPv6 server.
M flag is set to 1. Use the
command ipv6 nd managed-
config-flag.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 37
SLAAC and DHCPv6
DHCPv6 Operations DHCPv6 messages from server to client use
UDP port 546. Client to server use UDP port
547.
Client sends a DHCPv6 SOLICIT message
using FF02::1:2.
DHCPv6 server responds with a DHCPv6
ADVERTISE unicast message.
Stateless DHCPv6 client - Generates its own
address. Sends a DHCPv6 INFORMATION-
REQUEST to the DHCPv6 server requesting
only configuration parameters.
Stateful DHCPv6 client - Sends a DHCPv6
REQUEST message to server for an IPv6
address and all other configuration parameters.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 38
Stateless DHCPv6
Configuring a Router as a Stateless DHCPv6 Server
Step 1 – Enable IPv6 routing. ipv6 unicast-routing
Step 2 – Configure a DHCPv6 pool. ipv6 dhcp pool pool-name
Step 3 – Configure pool parameters. dns-server server-address
Step 4 – Configure the DHCPv6 interface ipv6 dhcp server pool-name
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 39
Stateless DHCPv6
Configuring a Router as a Stateless DHCPv6 Client
Step 1 – IPv6 enabled on interface ipv6 enable
Step 2 – enable automatic configuration of IPv6 addressing ipv6 address autoconfig
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 40
Stateless DHCPv6
Verifying Stateless DHCPv6
Commands to verify Stateless
DHCPv6:
• show ipv6 dhcp pool
• show running-config
• show ipv6 interface
• debug ipv6 dhcp detail
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 41
Stateful DHCPv6 Server
Configuring a Router as a Stateful DHCPv6 Server
Step 1 – Enable IPv6 Routing.
• ipv6 unicast routing
Step 2 – Configure a DHCPv6 pool.
• ipv6 dhcp pool pool-name
Step 3 – Configure pool parameters:
• address prefix prefix/length
• dns-server dns-server-address
• domain-name domain-name
Step 4 - Configure DHCPv6 interface:
• ipv6 dhcp server pool-name
• ipv6 nd managed-config-flag
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 42
Stateful DHCPv6 Server
Configuring a Router as a Stateful DHCPv6 Client
Step 1 – Allow the router to send RS messages and participate in DHCPv6.
• ipv6 enable
Step 2 – Make the router a DHCPv6 client.
• ipv6 address dhcp
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 43
Stateful DHCPv6 Server
Verifying Stateful DHCPv6
Use the following commands to
verify Stateful DHCPv6:
• show ipv6 dhcp pool
• show ipv6 dhcp binding
• show ipv6 interface
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 44
Stateful DHCPv6 Server
Configuring a Router as a DHCPv6 Relay Agent
If the DHCPv6 server is located
on a different network than the
client, the router can be
configured as a DHCPv6 relay
agent.
• ipv6 dhcp relay destination
destination-address
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 45
Stateful DHCPv6 Server
Lab - Configuring Stateless and Stateful DHCPv6
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 46
Troubleshoot DHCPv6
Troubleshooting Tasks
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 47
Troubleshoot DHCPv6
Verify Router DHCPv6 Configuration
Use the show ipv6 interface
command to verify DHCPv6
configuration.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 48
Troubleshoot DHCPv6
Debugging DHCPv6
To verify the receipt and
transmission of DHCPv6
messages:
• debug ipv6 dhcp detail
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 49
Troubleshoot DHCPv6
Lab - Troubleshooting DHCPv6
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 50
8.3 Chapter Summary
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 51
Conclusion
Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 52
Conclusion
Chapter 8: DHCP
Implement DHCPv4 to operate across multiple LANs in a small to medium-sized business
network.
Implement DHCPv6 to operate across multiple LANs in a small to medium-sized business
network.
© 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 53
