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Counting Principles

This document discusses combinatorics and probability. Combinatorics is the study of countable and finite sets, while probability is the study of likelihood of events occurring. The addition and multiplication principles of counting are explained. The addition principle states that if event A can occur in m ways and event B in n ways, then A or B can occur in m + n ways. The multiplication principle states that if the first of two sequential events can occur in m ways and the second in n ways, the total number of ways is m x n. Examples of applying these principles are provided.

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Geanry Ayesha
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57 views14 pages

Counting Principles

This document discusses combinatorics and probability. Combinatorics is the study of countable and finite sets, while probability is the study of likelihood of events occurring. The addition and multiplication principles of counting are explained. The addition principle states that if event A can occur in m ways and event B in n ways, then A or B can occur in m + n ways. The multiplication principle states that if the first of two sequential events can occur in m ways and the second in n ways, the total number of ways is m x n. Examples of applying these principles are provided.

Uploaded by

Geanry Ayesha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

COMBINATORICS

AND
PROBABILITY
Combinatorics
A branch of
mathematics that deals
with the study of
countable and finite
sets of elements.
Probability
The study of the
likelihood or chance
that some favorable
outcome of particular
events will occur.
COUNTING
PRINCIPLES
Addition Principle of
1.
Counting
2. Multiplication principle of
Counting
Addition Principle of
Counting

 If event A can occur in m


ways and event B can occur
in n ways, then A or B can
occur in m + n ways.
Example.
1. Double A bakery has 10
hopia, 14 chocolate cupcakes
and 8 cheesy ensaymada left at
the end of a day. Joey rushes in
as they are about to close. How
many types of bread can he
choose from?
2. The supreme student
government requires one student
representative from either first
year or the second year or the third
year. If there are 28 first year, 35
second year and 39 third year
qualified students, how many
different choices for
representatives are there?
Multiplication Principle of Counting

Suppose that two events


happen in order. If the first
event can happen in m ways
and the second in n ways (after
the first has happened). Then
the two events can occur in m x
n ways.
Example
1. Epie’s ice cream offers 12
flavors of ice cream which
can be served on a waffle,
sugar or plain cone. How
many different single scoop
ice- cream cones is it possible
to buy.
2. In 2020, automobile license
plates display 3 leers
followed by 4 digits. How
many such plates are
possible if repetition of leters
a. Is allowed.

b. Is not allowed.
3. In how many ways can
we select two books from
different subjects from
among 7 distinct Math
books, 5 distinct Science
books and 5 distinct
English books?
Try For your Own.

1. How many four letter words


can be formed using the
letters A B C D E
a. If repetition of letters is
allowed.
b. If repetition of letters is not
allowed.
2. Ten horses are entered
in a race. In how many
different ways can first,
second and third places
be decided. (Assume
there is no tie)
The End

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