Chapter 1
VISION, POLICY,
GOAL, AND
OBJECTIVES OF
SPECIAL EDUCATION
Vision for Children with Special Needs
“ The State, community and family hold a common
vision for the Filipino child with special needs. By the
21st century, it is envisioned that he/she could be
adequately provided with basic education. This
education should fully realize his/her own potentials
for development and productivity as well as being
capable of self-expression of his/her rights in
society. More importantly, he/she is God-loving and
proud of being a Filipino.
Vision for Children with Special Needs
It is also envisioned that the child with
special needs will get full parental and
community support for his/her education
without discrimination of any kind. This
special child should also be provided with a
healthy environment along with leisure and
recreation and social security measures”
(Department of Education Handbook on
Inclusive Education, 2000).
Policy, Goal and Objectives of Special
Education
The policy on Inclusive Education for All is
adopted in the Philippines to accelerate access
to education among children and youth with
special needs.
Policy, Goal and Objectives of Special
Education
The goal of the special education programs
of the Department of Education all over the
country is to provide children with special
needs appropriate educational services within
the mainstream of basic education.
Policy, Goal and Objectives of Special
Education
Special Education aims to:
1. provide a flexible and individualized
support system for children and youth with
special needs in a regular class environment in
schools nearest the students’ home,
Policy, Goal and Objectives of Special
Education
Special Education aims to:
2. provide support services, vocational
programs and work training, employment
opportunities for efficient community
participation and independent living.
Policy, Goal and Objectives of Special
Education
Special Education aims to:
3. implement a long-life curriculum to
include early intervention and parent education,
basic education and transition programs on
vocational training or preparation for college,
and
Policy, Goal and Objectives of Special
Education
Special Education aims to:
4. make available an array of educational
programs and services: the Special Education
Center built on “a school within a school
concept” as the resource center for children
and youth with special needs; inclusive
education in regular schools, special and
residential schools, homebound instruction,
hospital instruction and community-based
programs; alternative modes of service
Policy, Goal and Objectives of Special
Education
Special Education aims to:
inclusive education in regular schools, special
and residential schools, homebound
instruction, hospital instruction and
community-based programs; alternative modes
of service delivery to reach the disadvantaged
children in far-flung towns, depressed areas
and underserved barangays.
Historical Perspectives
1902 – Mr. Fred Atkinson - General
Superintendent of Education
1907 – formally started the special education
program in the Philippines
Mr. David B arrows – Director of Public
Education
Ms. Delight Rice – an American educator
Historical Perspectives
1926 – 1949
PAD – Philippine Association for the Deaf
Mrs. Maria Villa Francisco – First
Filipino Principal - School for the Deaf
and Blind (SDB)
1945 - National Orthopedic Hospital
(NOHSCC)
1949 – Philippine Foundation for the
Rehabilitation of the Disabled (PFRD)
Historical Perspectives
1950 – 1975
• Elsie Gaches Village – Alabang, Muntinlupa,
Rizal
• Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) – Special
Education Section of the Special Subjects and
Services Division
• American Foundation for Overseas Blind
• Manila Youth and Rehabilitation Center (MYRC)
Historical Perspectives
PNSB – Philippine National School for the
Blind
PAR - Philippine Association of the Retarded
SAID – Southeast Asian Institute for Deaf
MEC – Ministry of Education Culture
NCCDP – National Commission Concerning Disabled
Persons
DEAF – Deaf Evangelistic Alliance Foundation
PID – Philippine Institute for the Deaf
RSEC – Regional Special Education Council
Legal Bases Of Special Education
1935 – Articles 356 and 259 – Commonwealth Act
No. 3203
“Right of every child to live in an
atmosphere conducive to his physical, moral,
and intellectual development”
“To promote the full growth of the faculties
of every child”
Legal Bases Of Special Education
Republic Act No. 3562
“An act To Promote The Education of the
Blind in the Philippines”
Republic Act 5250
“An Act Establishing a Ten-Year Teacher
Training Program for Teachers of Special and
Exceptional Children”
Legal Bases Of Special Education
1973 - Constitution of the Philippines, Sec.
8, Art. XV
“ A complete, adequate and integrated
system of education relevant to the goals of
national development”
Legal Bases Of Special Education
1975 – P.D. No. 603 – Child and Youth
Welfare Code
“The emotionally disturbed or socially
maladjusted child shall be treated with
sympathy and understanding and shall be given
the education and care required by his
particular condition.
Legal Bases Of Special Education
The Education Act of 1982 or Batas Pambansa Bilang 232
“The state shall promote the right of every
individual to relevant quality education regardless
of sex, age, breed, socioeconomic status,
physical and mental condition, social and ethnic
origin, political and other affiliations. The State
therefore promote and maintain equality of
access to education as well as enjoyment of the
benefits of education by all its citizens.”
Legal Bases Of Special Education
Section 24 – Special Education Service
1983 – Batas Pambansa Bilang 344
“An act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled
Persons”
1989 – R.A. No. 6759
“White Cane Safety Day in the Philippines”
Legal Bases Of Special Education
1992 – R.A. No. 7610
“An Act Providing for Strong Deterrence and
Special Protection Against Child Abuse,
Exploitation and Discrimination, Providing
Penalties for Its Violation and Other Purposes”.
R.A.No. 9288
“The Newborn Screening Act of 2004”
WHAT IS SPECIAL EDUCATION?
Individuallyplanned instruction
Systematically implemented and
evaluated instruction
Personal self-sufficiency
Present environment
Future environment
Who Are Exceptional Children or
Children and Youth with Special Needs?
Exceptional Children and Youth
• Mental Retardation
• Giftedness and Talent
• Learning Disabilities
• Emotional and Behavioral Disorder
• Communication Disorder
• Deafness
• Blindness and Low Vision
• Physical Disabilities
Who Are Exceptional Children or
Children and Youth with Special Needs?
Four Points of View of Special Education (Heward, 2003)
1. Special education is a legislatively governed enterprise.
2. Special education is a part of the country’s educational
system.
3. Special education is teaching children with special needs
in the least restrictive environment.
4. Special education is purposeful intervention.
The Basic terms in special
education: developmental disability,
impairment or disability, handicap
and at risk
Developmental Disability
Impairment or Disability
Handicap
At Risk
Categories of children at risk
Established Risk
Biological Risk
Environmental Risk
Why do we label and classify
exceptional children?
It is necessary to use workable disability
category labels in order to describe the
exceptional learning needs for a systematic
provision of special education services.
It calls the attention to the disability itself and
overlooks the more important and positive
characteristics of the person.
The individuals with disabilities
education act of america (idea)
1975 – Public Law 94-142 – Individuals with
Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
• A powerful law (“blockbuster
legislation”)
• A comprehensive legislation
regarding the education of children
with disabilities.
Major provision of IDEA:
1. Zero Reject
2. Nondiscriminatory Testing
3. Appropriate Education
4. Least Restrictive Environment
5. Due Process
6. Parent Participation
“a disability doesn’t have to be a
social barrier. Good etiquette
begins with inclusion not
exclusion.”
Robert m. hensel
Prepared by:
Group 1
Marivic L. Angay
Merlyn Paalaman
Irish Sabusap
