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    Ecological Sampling Methods Midterm - L-2 By: Eedj

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    Yongdangji Verano
    This document discusses ecological sampling methods. It explains that sampling is necessary to understand what species are present in a habitat and monitor changes, as directly counting every individual is impossible. There are two main sampling methods: random sampling, which takes samples from random locations, and systematic sampling, which takes samples at regular intervals along transects. Specific techniques are line transects, where species touching the line are counted, and belt transects, where a wider area is sampled to obtain abundance data. Direct observation and capture-mark-recapture are also sampling methods to estimate total population sizes.

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    Ecological Sampling Methods Midterm - L-2 By: Eedj

    Uploaded by

    Yongdangji Verano
    188 views11 pages
    This document discusses ecological sampling methods. It explains that sampling is necessary to understand what species are present in a habitat and monitor changes, as directly counting every individual is impossible. There are two main sampling methods: random sampling, which takes samples from random locations, and systematic sampling, which takes samples at regular intervals along transects. Specific techniques are line transects, where species touching the line are counted, and belt transects, where a wider area is sampled to obtain abundance data. Direct observation and capture-mark-recapture are also sampling methods to estimate total population sizes.

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    Ecological-Sampling-Methods

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    This document discusses ecological sampling methods. It explains that sampling is necessary to understand what species are present in a habitat and monitor changes, as directly counting every individual is impossible. There are two main sampling methods: random sampling, which takes samples from random locations, and systematic sampling, which takes samples at regular intervals along transects. Specific techniques are line transects, where species touching the line are counted, and belt transects, where a wider area is sampled to obtain abundance data. Direct observation and capture-mark-recapture are also sampling methods to estimate total population sizes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    188 views11 pages

    Ecological Sampling Methods Midterm - L-2 By: Eedj

    Uploaded by

    Yongdangji Verano
    This document discusses ecological sampling methods. It explains that sampling is necessary to understand what species are present in a habitat and monitor changes, as directly counting every individual is impossible. There are two main sampling methods: random sampling, which takes samples from random locations, and systematic sampling, which takes samples at regular intervals along transects. Specific techniques are line transects, where species touching the line are counted, and belt transects, where a wider area is sampled to obtain abundance data. Direct observation and capture-mark-recapture are also sampling methods to estimate total population sizes.

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    Ecological Sampling Methods

    Midterm – L-2

    by:
    EEDJ
    Importance of Sampling
    • If we want to know what kind of plants and animals are
    in a particular habitat
    • To enable you to monitor changes and thus be made
    aware of activities which may be causing possible
    extinctions etc.
    • How many there are of each species.
    • usually impossible to go and count each and every one
    present
    • It would be like trying to count different sizes and
    colours of grains of sand on the beach.
    Importance of Sampling
    • Problem is usually solved by taking a number of
    samples from around the habita

    • Making the necessary assumption that these samples


    are representative of the habitat in general.

    • In order to be reasonably sure that the results from


    the samples do represent the habitat as closely as
    possible, careful planning beforehand is essential.
    Importance of Sampling
    • Samples are usually taken using a standard sampling
    unit of some kind.
    • Ensures that all of the samples represent the same
    area or volume (water) of the habitat each time.
    • Sampling unit is a quadrat.
    • Quadrats consist of a square frame, the most
    frequently used size being 1m .
    • The purpose of using a quadrat is to enable
    comparable samples to be obtained from areas of
    consistent size and shape.
    2 Main Ways of Taking Samples
    1. Random Sampling.

    2. Systematic Sampling (includes line transect


    and belt transect methods).
    2 Main Ways of Taking Samples
    When to use Random Sampling
    • when the area under study is fairly uniform
    • very large
    • there is limited time available.
    • large numbers of samples/records are taken from
    different positions within the habitat.
    A quadrat frame is most often used for this type of
    sampling.
    2 Main Ways of Taking Samples
    • Samples are taken at fixed intervals, usually along a line.
    • This normally involves doing transects
    • a sampling line is set up across areas where there are clear
    environmental gradients.
    • example you might use a transect to show the changes of
    plant species as you moved from grassland into woodland,
    or to investigate the effect on species composition of a
    pollutant radiating out from a particular source .
    Types of Transects 

    • Line Transect Method:

    A transect line can be made using a nylon rope marked and numbered at 0.5m, or 1m intervals, all the way along its length

    Species touching the transect are counted.


    •

    Types of Transects

    Belt Transect Method:


    Similar to the line transect method but gives information on abundance as well as presence, or absence of species.

    • consider it a widening of the line transect to form a continuous belt, or series of quadrats.
    Ways of Counting Samples
    • Direct Observation
    • Capture, Mark, Release
    • N = MC/R
    Where:
    • N = Estimate of total population size
    • M = Total number of animals captured and marked on the first
    visit
    • C = Total number of animals captured on the second visit • R =
    Number of animals captured on the first visit that were then
    recaptured on the second visit

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