COLLOIDS
OBJECTIVES
1 Definition of Colloids
2 Differentiate Colloids from Solution and Suspension
3 Types of Colloid
4 Classification of Colloids: Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic
COLLOIDS
Matter
Pure
Mixture
Substance
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Element Compound
Mixture Mixture
COLLOIDS
COLLOIDS
SOLUTION
Homogeneous mixture that has a size between
0.1 to 1 nm. Clear and transparent in appearanc
e, and is not visible in an ultramicroscope.
COLLOID
Has a size between 1 to 1000 nm. Cloudy in appe
arance, and is visible in an ultramicroscope.
SUSPENSION
Heterogeneous mixture that has a size greater than
[Link] can be seen by a naked eye and it e
ventually settle out.
Properties
of
Colloid
Physical Properties of
Colloids
[Link] Nature
- Colloids are heterogeneous in nature for it
consist of two phases: dispersed phase and
dispersion medium.
Physical Properties of
Colloids
B. Homogeneous Appearance
- Colloids are homogenous in appearance
because the dispersed particles are small
enough to be seen by naked eye.
Physical Properties of
Colloids
C. Filterability
- Colloids still cannot be filtered by
ordinary filters but can be filtered by
specialized filters.
Physical Properties of
Colloids
D. Stability
- Colloids are stable in nature for the
dispersed phase continuous motion that remain
suspended in the solution.
Physical Properties of
Colloids
E. Color
- The color of the colloidal solution
depends on its size. The larger the particle the
shorter wavelength of light will be transmitted,
and the smaller the particle the longer the
wavelength of light will be transmitted.
MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF COLLOID
Tyndall Effect
Is a phenomenon when a beam
of light pass through a
colloidal solution and results
to a diffraction or scattering of
light causing a cloudy or
opaque appearance of the
colloidal mixture
MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF COLLOID
Brownian Movement
Is the random, uncontrolled
movement of particles in a
fluid as they constantly collide
with other molecules (Mitchell
and Kogure, 2006)
TYPES
OF
COLLOIDS
Types of Colloids
Dispersing Medium Dispersing Phase Type Example
Gas Liquid Aerosol Fog, Mist
Gas Solid Aerosol Smoke
Liquid Gas Foam Whipped cream
Liquid Liquid Emulsion Mayonnaise
Liquid Solid Sol Milk of magnesia
Solid Gas Foam Plastic foams
Solid Liquid Gel Jelly, Butter
Solid Solid Solid Sol Steel, Opal
Sol
Sol is a colloid in which solid particles
are suspended in liquid. The particles
in sol are very small.
Emulsion
Dispersed colloid particles are often
electrically charged. Each particle
bears a positive charge, and the
colloidal dispersion consists of
charged colloidal particles. Thus,
charge particles in any one system
have the same sign that keeps the
particles dispersed for particle
contain like charges that repel each
other.
Gel
Are the colloids in which the
liquid medium has become
viscous enough to behave more or
less as a solid.
Foam
Foam is a colloid of gas being
dispersed in a solid or liquid
Aerosol
Aerosol are suspension of
liquid and solid particles in the
atmosphere, excluding clouds
and precipitation.
Hydro- Water
Philic- strong attraction or affinity
WATER LOVING SUBSTANCES
These are the substances that
dissolve in water.
Hydro- Water
Phobic- fear
WATER FEARING SUBSTANCES
These are the substances that
DO NOT dissolve in water.
A hydrophilic colloid, or hydrocolloid,
is defined as a colloid system in which
the colloid particles are hydrophilic
polymers dispersed in water.
Hydrocolloids can be either reversible
or irreversible (single-state).
Many hydrocolloids are derived from
natural sources. For example, gelatin
is produced by hydrolysis of proteins
from cows and fish, and pectin is
extracted from citrus peel and apple
pomace. Hydrocolloid-based medical
dressings are used for skin and wound
treatment.
A hydrophobic colloid, or emulsion, is
defined as a colloid system where the
particles are hydrophobic polymers. Since
the colloid does not interact with the
aqueous solvent, hydrophobic colloids are
inherently unstable and generally do
not form spontaneously.
A hydrophobic colloid, or emulsion, is
defined as a colloid system where the
particles are hydrophobic polymers. Since
the colloid does not interact with the
aqueous solvent, hydrophobic colloids are
inherently unstable and generally do
not form spontaneously.
Hydrophobic Colloid Stages
Types of Instability in Emulsion
An emulsifier is a
substance that stabilizes
the colloid so that it does
not change significantly
with time.
