IDENTIFYING THE

INQUIRY AND
STATING THE
PROBLEM
FILIPINAS | ALCUEZAR
| GOLORAN | FUENTES
| MATURAN | ROLUNA

1
SPECIFIC
TOPIC
OF RESEARCH:
1
Range of Research Topic
in the Area of Inquiry

2
Specifying and Feasibility of the
Problem posed in Research

3
Value of Research in
the Area of Interest
2
DEFINITIO
N:
Chapter I of the research paper is
called the Problem and Its
Background (sometimes also
called the Introduction).

Is composed of the following sections:

1) Background of the Study, 2)
Statement of the Problem, 3)
Scope and Delimintation, and 4)
Significance of the Study.

No study can begin without

a topic.

3
RESEARCH PROBLEM
(According to Calderon & Gonzales)

● A problem is “any significant,

perplexing, and challenging
situation, real or artificial, the
solution of which requires
reflexive thinking”.

● In research, it is known as
the research
topic or research title.

4
ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH
TITLE
The research title is not meant to be entertaining or “catchy” like
the titles of television programs or movies, but informative.
The parts of a research title contain the following
information:
1. The subject matter or topic to be investigated.
(“What?”)
2. The place or locale where the research is to be conducted.
(“Where?”)
3. The population or universe from who the data are to be
collected, i.e., the respondents or interviewees. (“Who”?)

4. The time period of the study during which the data are to

be collected. (“When”?)
5
E ELEMENTS OF A
X
A
RESEARCH TITLE
M
Subject matter: The teaching of Science
Place or locale: in the high schools of
Province A
P 1990
Time period: during the school year 1989-

L Population: as perceived by teachers and

studentsSubject matter: The effects of the use of cell
phones on the
E academic performance
Population to senior high school students

S
Place or locale: at Philippine Christian University
Time period: during the first semester, school year
2016-2017 6
GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Timeliness and
Interest in the Availability of
Relevance of the
subject matter Information
Topic

7
BACKGROUN
D OF THE
STUDY
(According to Bordon, et al)
8
BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
(According to Calderon & Gonzales)
This section serves the following
purposes:
To provide readers with the

1 background and general

direction of the research
paper.

2
To bring about a smooth
transition into the major
discussion of the paper.

3
To arouse curiosity among
the readers thereby getting
their attention.
9
The following are some elements that should or might be included in
this section:

⊡ Presentation of the problem – Describe the existence of

an unsatisfactory condition or a problem that needs a
solution.

⊡ Historical background of the problem - Give the

historical background of the problem, If applicable.

⊡ Geographical conditions of the study locale - If

applicable, describe the geographical location of the
study.
⊡ Rationale of the study - Give the reason(s) why the
study should be conducted.

10
EXAMPLE:
In 2004, the researcher migrated to the Philippines to accompany her spouse
who was at the time studying at the Adventist Institute for International Advanced
Studies (AIIAS) in Silang, Cavite. They discovered the study opportunities and were
motivated by the quality of education and low school fees being offered. They
visited several colleges and universities to collect pamphlets and sent them back
to Vanuatu for educational awareness. The Ni-Vanuatus became aware and decided
to send students to study in the Philippines. The first two schools to receive
Vanuatu students were AMA Computer College in Dasmariñas, Cavite and Air Link
Aviation College in Parañaque City. The researcher came to know Cavite State
University (CvSU) in 2009 and transferred from AMA.
(Ngwele, March 2011)

11
STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
12
STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
Also called “purpose statement and
research questions” is a statement of the
purpose of the study and a series of questions
that will help in researching the topic.

It I s composed of 1) the general

statement of the problem (the purpose
statement) and 2) the specific sub-
problems or sub-questions (or research
questions).

13
GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
(According to Calderon & Gonzales)

The general statement of the problem (or the purpose statement) and the specific

1 sub-problems (or the research questions) should be formulated first

before conducting the research.

2
It is customary to state specific sub-problems in the interrogative
form; hence, sub-problems are also called “specific questions”.

3
Each specific research question should be clear and unequivocal (should only
have one meaning) in porder to avoid confusion.

14
Each research question should be researchable apart from the other questions
4 (i.e., separable).

Each research question must be based upon known facts and phenomena.
5 Furthermore, data from such facts and phenomena should be accessible to the
researcher.

Answers to each research question can be interpreted apart from the answers to
6 the other specific questions.

7 Answers to each research question must contribute to the

development of the whole research study.

8
Summing up the answers to all the specific questions will give a complete
development of the entire study.

15
The number of research questions should be enough to cover the development of
9 the whole research study.

EXAMPLE:
This research aims to develop an evaluation
model of a web-based tool used in test
administration for Grade 11 and 12 students.

16
GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Specifically, it aims to answer the following
questions:
What are the commonly used

1 web-based tools used in test

administration?
How could evaluation model be

3 designed for web-based test

administration?
(Leanillo, 2016) 

2
How are these web-based
test tools evaluated?

17
VALUES OF
RESEARCH
Seeks to
accomplish
 Research seeks to advance the existing
body of knowledge in virtually all
disciplines. Although stereotypical
depictions suggest research is conducted in
laboratories, it is actually performed in
virtually all subjects

Benefits to students
 Students benefit tremendously from involvement in hands-on
research experiences and develop valuable practical and
analytical skills from their participation. Faculty who conduct
research share up-to-date information with students and give
them the opportunity to explore fields of interest in greater
depth. 19
Solving community problems
 The public benefits when sophisticated faculty
expertise is employed to improve quality of
life. Research addresses a variety of pertinent
local and state issues, solves practical
problems, and encourages economic
diversification.

Economic vitality
 University research creates knowledge that
can lead to new technologies, commercial
products, and development of industries that
can have a significant impact on the economy.

20
Thanks!
Any questions?

21