Ar.

SWATI BEHL UPPAL

 A jharokha is a type of overhanging enclosed balcony
used in Indian Architecture. Jarokhas jutting forward
from the wall plane could be used both for adding to the
architectural beauty of the building itself or for a specific
purpose. One of the most important functions it served
was to allow women in purdah to see the events outside
without being seen themselves. Alternatively, these
windows could also be used to position archers and
spies.
 The jharokha is a stone window projecting from the wall
face of a building, in an upper story, overlooking a street,
market, court or any other open space. It is supported on
two or more brackets or corbelling, has two pillars or
pilaster, balustrade and a cupola or pyramidal roof;
technically closed by jalies but generally partly open for
the inmates to peep out to see passing processions. it is
one of the most distinctive characteristics of the façade in
medieval Indian architecture until the 19th century.
The projected balcony is
an essential element of
Rajasthani architecture,
both as decoration and as
a viewing platform. The
chajjas - sloping eaves
that projected out above
the balconies - increase
protection from both the
summer sun and
monsoon rain. Jharokhas
are mainly used in
palaces, havelis and
temples
 Chhatris are elevated, dome-shaped pavillions used as
an element in Indian Architecture. Chhatris are commonly
used to depict the elements of pride and honor in the
Maratha and Rajput architecture. They are widely used,
in palaces, in forts, or to demarcate funerary sites.
 Originating in Rajasthani Architecture where they were
memorials for kings and royalty, they were later adapted
as a standard feature in all buildings in maratha ruled
states,Rajasthan, and most importantly in Mughal
Architecture.
chhatris are built on the
cremation sites of
wealthy or distinguished
individuals. Chhatris in
Shekhawati may consist
of a simple structure of
one dome raised by four
pillars to a building
containing many domes
and a basement with
several rooms.
In some places, the
interior of the chhatris is
painted in the same
manner as the Havelis
(Mansions) of the region.
A Jali is the term for a perforated stone or
latticed screen, usually with an ornamental
pattern constructed through the use of
caliigraphy and geometry.
 This form of architectural decoration is found in
Indian Architecture,Indo- Islamic and Islamic
Architecture.
 Early jali work was built by carving into stone,
while later by theMughals who employed the
technique of inlay, using marble and semi-
precious stones.
 Stepwells, or baoli are WELLS or ponds in
which the water may be reached by descending
a set of steps.
 They may be covered and protected and are
often of architectural significance.
 They also may be multi-storied having a bullock
which turns the water wheel to raise the water in
the well to the first or second floor.
 . The construction may be utilitarian, but
sometimes includes significant architectural
embellishments.
The builders dug deep
trenches into the earth
for dependable, year-
round groundwater.
They lined the walls of
these trenches with
blocks of stone, without
mortar, and created
stairs leading down to
the water.
The majority of
surviving stepwells
originally also served a
leisure purpose, as
well as providing water.
Stepwells also served as a place for social gatherings and
religious ceremonies.
Usually, women were more associated with these wells
because they were the ones who collected the water. Also,
it was they who prayed and offered gifts to the goddess of
the well for her blessings

Stepwells usually consist of two parts: a vertical shaft from

which water is drawn and the surrounding inclined
subterranean passageways, chambers and steps which
provide access to the well.

The galleries and chambers surrounding these wells were

often carved profusely with elaborate detail and became
cool, quiet retreats during the hot summers.
A johad is a rainwater storage tank principally
used in the state of rajsthan, that collects and
store water throughout the year, to be used for
the drinking purpose by humans and cattle.

 In many parts of the state the annual rainfall is

very low (between 450 and 600 mm) and the
water can be unpleasant to drink.
Rain falling
during July and
August is stored
in johads and
used throughout
the year. Johads
are called as
"khadins" in
Jaisalmer.
Haveli
Between the years of 1830 and 1930, well heeled
Marwaris built gigantic buildings in Narwar and Shekhawati
region. The mansions are known as Havelis.
These Havelis carry architecture of Mughal in their style.
The Shekhawati haveli consists of two courtyards.
The outer courtyard meant for men whereas inner
courtyard was occupied by women.
Havelis also carries marvelous and breath-taking frescoes
which are surrounded all sides with a single main gate.
This barrier provides good security and calm, totally
separated from the external environment.
Rajasthan is the most beautiful and vibrant state
or our country. The unique characteristic of its
architecture is very popular in the whole world.
The Rajasthan architecture is significantly
depend on Rajput architecture school which
was mixture of mughal and Hindu structural
design.
Grand havelis, astonishing forts and elaborately
carved temples are the vital portion of
architectural heritage of Rajasthan.
Rajput’s carries the credit of creative builders.
The artistic builders of
Rajput designed major
architectural styles which
are located in cities like
Jaisalmer, Udaipur, Jaipur
and Jodhpur. The most
significant architectural
designs in Rajasthan
include Jantar Mantar,
Dilwara Temples, Lake
Palace Hotel, City
Palaces, Chittorgarh Fort
and Jaisalmer Havelis.
 The Patwon Ji ki Haveli is an interesting piece of
Architecture and is the most important among the havelis
in Jaisalmer.
 it was the first haveli erected in Jaisalmer and it is not a
single haveli but a cluster of 5 small havelis.
 The first among these havelis was commissioned and
constructed in the year 1805 by Guman Chand Patwa
and is the biggest and the most ostentatious.
 It is believed that Patwa was a rich man and was a
renowned trader of his time. He could afford and thus
ordered the construction of separate stories for each of
his 5 sons.
 These were completed in the span of 50 years. All five
houses were constructed in the first 60 years of the 19th
century.
 This is the largest Haveli in Jaisalmer and
stands in a narrow lane.
a good amount of paintings and mirror-
works on the wall can be seen.
 The other important aspects are its
gateways and arches.
 One can notice individual depictions and
theme on each and every arch.
 Although the whole building is made
yellow sandstone, the main gateway of
the Patwon Ji ki Haveli is in brown color.
 The latticed jali (carving) friezes provide
freshening to the interiors as well as offer
solitude to the women to gaze out without
revealing themselves .
 The havelis are fabricated in yellow
sandstone with a dissimilar design on
each window and arch.
 Its gateways are guarded by real-looking
tuskers, which have been made of sand
stones.
 anarched roof
 Exquisitely carved brackets, in the shape of
peacocks, adorn its roof.

it is said that initially, the haveli was seven

stories high. The two additional wooden stories
made the haveli as high as the palace of the
Maharaja of Jaisalmer.
 Located just below the hill, Patwon ki haveli has
been separated into six apartments that are
decorated with wonderful carvings.
 There are a large number of balconies in
the Patwon ki haveli, numbering
somewhere around thirty-eight. The most
interesting feature is that all the thirty-
eight balconies have different designs.
 The frontal facade of the haveli looks
very much ship-stern, which has resulted
in it being referred to as the Jahaz Mahal .
AMER FORT,JAIPUR
CHITTORGARH FORT
 The capital of each Raja or Chieftain was
a fort around which a township grew and
developed.
 They were constructed of sand which was
dug out of ditch surrounding the fort; or
rubble; or with stone,masonary work.
 The Royal Palaces represent the Golden
Age of India.
 Construction of Jaipur started in1727 and took
4 years for completion.
 City was divided into nine blocks, two for forts
and palaces and seven for public buildings.
Amber derives its name from Ambikeshwar,a title of
SHIVA.
 Construction began in1592 by Maharaja Man Singh
 The initial fort Completed by his descendent Jai Singh
 Amber was modified by successive rulers over the next
150 years.
 Lake Maota is in the foreground of the fort.
 The image of Amber Fort is beautifully reflected in the
lake.
 Situated 11km from city capital.
 Surrounded by chaotic mass of hills of
various heights.
 Ascent of the fort leads to the first gate of
the two gates.
 After crossing the second gate , the way
is bifurcated , one is leading upward to
right side and other leads to small
fortified castle called Jaigarh.
 Both exterior and interior are
constructed in an elegant style.
 Walls are beautified with paintings,
depicting the scenes of royal life.
 Some portions are furnished with
intricate carvings , mosaic murals and
frescoes.
 Red sandstone fort has 4 sections and
each can be accessed by means of
central staircases
 All the temples has an image of Ganesha on the
doorways, carved from a single piece of coral.
 There is famous Jai mandir and Sheesh mahal in
the Fort.
 The jai mandir. the hall of victory is famous for
its inlaid panels and dazzling mirror ceiling.
 The exterior is very imposing and rugged
looking whereas the inside is warm interior
which is influenced by both Hindu and
Muslim style of ornamentation.
 On the walls are paintings depicting
various hunting scenes and walls are
covered by intricate carving, mosaic and
minute mirror work that make the hall very
majestic and imperial.
 The fort is built with white marble and red
sandstone.
 Stone jaali was given as Parda Pratha for
ladies.
 Fort also has men’s and women’s quarters
[ mardana and zenana ]
 Domes and curved Bangaldar roofs are typical.
 Sheesh mahal is double storey. Upper storey is
utilized in summers and lower storey is utilized in
winters.
 The sheesh mahal has row of double pillars all
around and having arches above them.
 There are formal gardens like Charbagh where the
royal family stayed within the fort.
 Throughout the fort the outer row of all the
apartments are having double pillars.
DIWAN –E - AAM

 Hallof Audience,
constructed by
Mirza Jai Singh is
open from three
sides
System of intercolluminations of this hall
containing 48 columns is a mixture of Indo-
Muslim architecture.
 Pillars
rich with
carvings of elephant
and fresco paintings.

Double line of grey marble and

sandstone pillars supporting a
vaulted roof.
Hall of Private Audience.
 Constructed in 1623A.D
and took 6 years in completion.
Raja Mirza Raja Jai Singh met his special
guests here.
Witness is through lattice screens while
the state functions held below in Diwan-e-
Aam.
 Found in the
south side of the
courtyard of the
Palace in the fort.
 Provides access to the inner and private
parts of the Palace.
 It has an enchanting image of GANESH
(THE Elephant Headed God) in it.
 Ganesh Pol stands elegantly as a majestic
path to the mughal garden.
 Other gates in the fort are Suraj Pol or Sun
Gate which has restricted entry to the
palace.
 It was so called because it directly face
the east.

 Other
was Chand Pol or Moon Gate which
was main gate of entry for the
commoners.
Also known as Palace of Glass.
 Made of glass as queen loved to see
the stars shinning and she was not allowed
to sleep in open air.
 Situated over the
Ganesh Pol.
 Used as chambers by
royal ladies to witness,
through lattice screens
the state functions held
below in Diwan-E-Am.
 It consists of small
window openings called
‘Jharokaas’ through
which Royal Ladies used
to look outside.
 The foundation of Jaipur, the fabled "pink
city", in 1727 AD represents the final
phase of Rajput architecture. Built by Jai
Singh, Jaipur represents a fusion of
Eastern and Western ideas of town
planning. The city is enclosed by a wall
and has bastions and towers at regular
intervals. The City Palace is at the center
of the
 walled city and is a spectacular synthesis of
Rajput and Mughal architectural styles.
 The famous building Hawa Mahal, or Palace
of Winds, (1799) has a five-storeyed
symmetrical facade composed of 953 small
casements in a huge curve each with a
projecting balcony and crowning arch.
 The Jantar Mantar, the largest of five
observatories built by Jai Singh II in the
early eighteenth century, is another
interesting example of Rajput architecture
Built in 1799
Built by Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh
Location Jaipur (Rajasthan)
 Jaipur is also popularly known as the pink city, is the
capital of Rajasthan state, India. Historically rendered
as Jeypore. Jaipur is the former capital of the princely
state of Jaipur. Founded in 1727 by lali- the ruler of
Amber. By 2003, the population had reached
approximately 2.7 million.
 Built of pink stucco in imitation of sandstone, the city
is remarkable among pre-modern Indian cities for the
width and regularity of its streets which are laid out
into six quarters separated by broad streets 111 ft (34
m) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by
networks of gridded streets.
 Fivequarters wrap around the east, south, and
west sides of a central palace quarter, with a
sixth quarter immediately to the east. The
Palace quarter encloses a sprawling palace
complex (the Hawa Mahal, or palace of winds),
formal gardens, and a small lake. Nahargarh
Fort crowns the hill in the northwest corner of
the old city. Another noteworthy building is
Sawai Jai Singh's observatory, Jantar Mantar.
With its rich and colourful past, resplendent
with tales of valour and bravery, Jaipur is now
one of the most important heritage cities in
India.
 Hawa Mahal (Palace of Winds), is a palace in
Jaipur, India. It was built in 1799 by Maharaja
Sawai Pratap Singh, and designed by Lal Chand
Usta in the form of the crown of Krishna, the
Hindu god. It forms part of the City Palace and
extends the Zenana or women's chambers, the
chambers of the harem. Its original intention was
to allow royal ladies to observe everyday life in
the street below without being seen.
 It has five stories and is constructed of red and
pink sandstone, highlighted with white quakeee
quick lime.
 The Hawa Mahal, which adjoins the famous City
Palace wall, was built in 1799 by Maharaja Sawai
Pratap Singh and has now become one of the major
landmarks of Jaipur. The palace is shaped like a
pyramid and is a five-storied building, with number
of small windows and screens, with arched roofs. As
one looks at this building, one realizes that the rear
side of the building is comparatively very plain and
lacks much of ornamentation. One is rather surprised
at the contrast, since in the front there is intricate
carving and much attention has been paid to even
minute details yet the backside is more a mass of
pillars and passages.
 Since the Hawa Mahal was built at a time when
women of the royal families had to observe
strict purdah, many believe that the Hawa
Mahal was built, just so these ladies could
watch the processions and various activities
taking place on the streets. This does explain
why Hawa Mahal has such tiny windows and
many screened balconies. The royal ladies
could look below at the people without
showing themselves and thus enjoy a sense of
freedom.
 The side facing the street outside the palace
complex has 953 small windows, and the
breeze (hawa) which circulates through these
windows gives the palace its name, and keeps
it cool even in hot months.
 The entrance opens onto a courtyard with a
double-storied building on three sides, and
one on the eastern wing with three more
stories, which is just one room wide. There are
no stairs to reach the upper floors, only ramps.
 TheHawa Mahal is a great example of the
Rajputana architecture, which was
strongly influenced by Mughal style of
architecture. This particular style of
building that we observe in Hawa Mahal,
uses the best features of Mughal
architecture with other features that
could better adapt to the inhospitable
weather conditions of Rajasthan.