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How Do Organisms Reproduce

Organisms reproduce through both asexual and sexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, unicellular organisms like amoebas reproduce through cell division called fission. In multicellular organisms, reproduction can occur through budding, fragmentation, or regeneration of body parts. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes. In humans, sexual reproduction begins at puberty with the development of secondary sex characteristics and gamete formation. Fertilization occurs when the male sperm fuses with the female egg, forming a zygote. The zygote develops into an embryo and fetus inside the uterus. Unfertilized eggs are shed monthly in menstruation. Contraception allows family planning while protecting

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2K views

How Do Organisms Reproduce

Organisms reproduce through both asexual and sexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, unicellular organisms like amoebas reproduce through cell division called fission. In multicellular organisms, reproduction can occur through budding, fragmentation, or regeneration of body parts. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes. In humans, sexual reproduction begins at puberty with the development of secondary sex characteristics and gamete formation. Fertilization occurs when the male sperm fuses with the female egg, forming a zygote. The zygote develops into an embryo and fetus inside the uterus. Unfertilized eggs are shed monthly in menstruation. Contraception allows family planning while protecting

Uploaded by

harshita
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HOW DO

ORGANISMS
REPRODUCE?
SAVITHANATH K S,KV1
CALICUT,ERNAKULAM REGION
CREATION reation of DNA
DNA copy

copy
•The basic event in reproductionis the creation of DNA copy
•Cells use chemical reactions to build copies of their DNA
•DNA coping is accompanied by the creation of an additional
cellular apparatus and then the DNA copies separate each with
its own cellular apparatus
•The coping of DNA is similar, but not identical
•Some of the variations might be so drastic that the new DNA
copy cannot work with the cellular apparatus it inherits
MYSTERY OF LIFE………..DNA
The importance of variation
•The population of organisms fill well defined places, or
niches in the ecosystem using their ability to reproduce
•Reproduction is linked to stability of the organism
•But niches can change beyond the control of the
organism and wipe out the species
•But some of them will survive by overcoming the drastic
change
•They result in variation
•So variation is useful for the survival of species
Types of reproduction
•Asexual and sexual
•Asexual reproduction in lower organisms
•Budding
•Fission
•Fragmentation
•regeneration
Leishmania reproduction
FISSION IN AMEOBA

In unicellular organisms cell


division, or fission leads to the
formation of new organisms. In
ameoba the splitting of cell takes
place in any plane.
but in flagellates, fission occurs in
a definite orientation
Budding in Hydra
a bud arises as an outgrowth
•In hydra
due to repeated cell division at one
specific place
•These buds develop into tiny
individuals
•When they fully mature, detach
from the parent body and become
new independent individuals
•REGENERATION
planaria
•Many organisms have the ability
to give rise to new individual from
their body parts
•If the body is broken into many
parts ,these pieces grow into
separate individuals
hydra
•Eg:- planaria, hydra
•These are carried out by
specialised cells
•These cells proliferate and make
large number of cells.
FRAGMENTATION
In multicellular organisms with
relatively simple body organisationthe
body breaks into many pieces
Each one will develop into a new
organism
Eg:- spirogyra, ulothrix
METHODS OF
VEGETATIVE
REPRODUCTION
ARE
•By root -sweet potato
•Through stem- potato,
onion.
•Through leaf-
bryophyllum
New plants are grown by
Tis culture
removing tissue or separating
cells from the growing tip of
the plant. The cells are then
placed in an artificial medium
where they divide rapidly to
form a small group of cells or
callus the callus is transferred
to another medium containing
hormones for growth and
differentiation. The plantlets
are then placed in the soil so
that they can grow into mature
plants
IN PLANTS
The reproductive part of an Angiosperm
is flower
The parts of the flower are 1) sepals
2)petals
3)stamens
4) carpels
•The flower may be unisexual as in
papaya and coconut
•May be bisexual as in Hibiscus, mustard
•Stamen is the male reproductive part
•Pistil is the female reproductive part
•The ovary contains ovule
•The male germ cell produced by the
pollen grain fuses with the female gamete
in the ovary
pollination
T.S of A FLOWER

stigma
petal
style

stamen

carpel
sepal

thallamus
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN HUMAN
Sexual reproduction cycle
Every organism develop from a
single cell called zygote
Zygote develops in to an adult by cell
division
Secondary sexual characters develops on
attaining puberty.Chromosome number
reduces tohalf during
Gamete formation
Male gamete fuses with the female gamete
to form the zygote and regains the
original chromosomes
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
THE PARTS
SCROTUM
TESTES
VAS DEFERENSPROSTRATE GLAND
SEMINAL VESICLE

URETHRA
PENIS
URINARY BLADDER
URTER
Testes are the primary reproductive organs in
manand produce male gametes called sperms
Testes located inside the scrotum and lies outside
the abdominal cavity

Secretion of seminal vesicles and prostrate glands


provide nutrition to the sperms and also make their
transport easier.
In man there is common passage for urin and
sperms through penis out
Female reproductive system
THE MAIN PARTS

Oviduct or fallopean tube


Ovary
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
FERTILISATION

The process of
fusion of male and
female gamete to
produce a zgote
Foetus inside the uterus
EVENTS AFTER FERTILISATION
IF THE EGG IS NOT FERTILISED
The uterine lining and the egg degenerats and comes out
of the body through the vagina and the process is called
Menstruation

Ovary releases one egg every month(ovulation)

Ovulation and mensturation takesplace in acycle once in


every months
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

It is the responsibility of a person to lead a healthy


sexual life

Adoption of contraceptive devices

Keep morality and social values


CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES
• Physical methods like condoms in male and
vaginal cap, IUCD like Copper T.
• Chemical methods like oral pills.
• Surgical methods like Vasectomy in males
and Tubectomy in females.
aADVANTAGES OF ADOPTING
CONTRACEPTIVE MEASURES
• Family planning
• To safe guard the health of women by
avoiding frequent pregnancies.
• To prevent STDs
• To provide better living facilities for
children.
SMALL FAMILY HAPPY FAMILY
asgegew

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