NATIONALISM IN

NATIONALISM IN

INDIA
Presented by :
KARTIK PRAJAPATI
Roll no. : 17
Class : X – A
The Growth of Nationalism in India
In India, the growth of nationalism is intimately
connected with the anti-colonial movement.
People began discovering their unity in the
process of their struggle with colonialism.
The British East India company arrived in India
for the sake of market and business by taking
the permission from the Mughal emperors.
Soon, it got command over India and India
started to be under the control of British rulers
for the centuries to come.
The Impact of First World War
The war created a new economic and political
situation. It led to a huge increase in defence
expenditure which was financed by war loans and
increasing taxes: custom duties were raised and
income tax introduced.
The prices doubled between 1913-1918, leading to
extreme hardship for the common people.
Villages were called upon to supply soldiers,
and the forced recruitment in rural areas
caused widespread anger.
In 1918-19 and 1920-1921, crops failed in many
parts of India, resulting in acute shortage of
food.
This was accompanied by an influenza
epidemic .
Arrival Of The Hero
In 1915 , Mahatma Gandhi
returned to India in January. At
the time when India was facing the
problems created by First World
War.
Mahatma Gandhi believed that
the dharma of ‘satya’ and ‘ahinsa’ ,
i.e., truth and non-violence could
unite all Indians.
SATYAGRAHA
Satyagraha comprised of two Sanskrit words ‘Satya’
and ‘agrah’. Satya means truth and agraha means
path.thus satyagraha means following the path of
truth and non-violence to attain freedom and fight
against injustice. It is the philosphy of non-violent
resistance adopted by Gandhiji to end the British Raj
in India. The idea of Satyagraha emphasised the
power of truth and need to search for truth.
Satyagraha advocated that for true cause and struggle
against injustice, physical force is not required to
fight with oppressor. Without being aggressive, a
satyagrahi could win battle through non-violence.
THE ROWLATT ACT
This Rowlatt Act was enacted in the year 1919.
According to this act the British government
has all powers to repress the political activities
, and allowed the detention of the political
prisoners without a trail for two years.
Gandhi led a various rallies in various cities.
these movements were largely supported by
the workers and the peasants.
JALLIANWALLA BAGH MASSACARE
On 13 April this massacre took place. on that
day a large crowd gathered in Jallianwalabagh.
Some came to protest against the government
and others came to celebrate Baishaki.
Dyer entered the area blocked the exits and
opened fire, killing hundreds.
His statement was that “TO PRODUCE A
MORAL EFFECT”
GENERAL DYER
INTRODUCTION OF NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT
To unite Hindus and Muslims Gandhi ji decided to
start the Non-cooperation Movement in support of
Khilafat as well as for swaraj, at the Calcutta session of
the Congress in September 1920.
Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was
established in India with the cooperation of Indians,
and had survived only because of this cooperation. If
Indians refused to cooperate, British rule would
collaspe within a year, and swaraj would come.
The Non-cooperation-Khilafat movement started in
January 1921.
Chauri chuara
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT
The Civil Disobedience Movement was started in 1930.
It carried forward the unfinished work of the Non-Cooperation
Movement. Practically the whole country became involved in it.
Hartals put life at a standstill. There were large-scale boycotts
of schools, colleges and offices. Foreign goods were burnt in
bonfires. People stopped paying taxes.
In the North-West Frontier Province, the movement was led by
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, popularly known as ‘Frontier
Gandhi’. For a few days, British control over Peshawar and
Sholapur ended.
People faced the batons and bullets of the police with supreme
courage. No one retaliated or said anything to the police.
As reports and photographs of this extraordinary protest began
to appear in newspapers across the world, there was a growing
tide of support for India’s freedom struggle.
GO BACK SIMON
A Statutory Commission under Sir John
Simon was set up in India in 1928, the
Simon Commission. In response to the
national movement in the country.
So when the Simon Commission arrived in
India in 1928, it was greeted with the
slogan ‘Go Back Simon’
DANDI MARCH
Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol
that could unite the nation. Salt was something
consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it
was one of the most essential items of food. The
tax on salt and the government monopoly over its
production revealed the most oppressive face of
British rule.
On 11th March Gandhi ji along with78 members
walked 240 miles in 24 days and reached Dandi on
6th April. There he ceremonially violated the salt
law by manufacturing salt law from the sea water.
Dandi March on the backside of Rs.500 note
FIRST ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
The Round Table Conference was opened officially by King George V
on November 12, 1930 at London and chaired by the British Prime
Minister, Ramsay MacDonald. It was the first time that British and
Indian political leaders and rulers of Indian princely states met at
one place.
The three British political parties were represented by sixteen

delegates. There were fifty-seven political leaders from British India
and sixteen delegates from the princely states. In total 89 delegates
from India attended the Conference. However, the Indian National
Congress, along with Indian business leaders, kept away from the
conference. Many of them were in jail for their participation in Civil
Disobedience Movement.
SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
The second session opened on September 7, 1931. There were three major
differences between the first and second Round Table Conferences.
Congress Representation — The Gandhi-Irwin Pact opened the way for
Congress participation in this conference. Mahatma Gandhi was invited from
India and attended as the sole official Congress representative accompanied by
Sarojini Naidu and also Madan Mohan Malaviya, Ghanshyam Das Birla,
Muhammad Iqbal, Sir Mirza Ismail , S.K. Dutta and Sir Syed Ali Imam.
Gandhi claimed that the Congress alone represented political India; that the
Untouchables were Hindus and should not be treated as a “minority”; and that
there should be no separate electorates or special safeguards for Muslims or
other minorities.
These claims were rejected by the other Indian participants. According to this
pact, Gandhi was asked to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM)
and if he did so the prisoners of the British government would be freed
excepting the criminal prisoners, i.e. those who had killed British officials. He
returned to India, disappointed with the results and empty-handed.
GANDHI – IRWIN PACT
The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was a political agreement
signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of
India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931 before the second
Round Table Conference in London.
Before this, the viceroy Lord Irwin announced in
October 1929, a vague offer of 'dominion status' for
India in an unspecified future and a Round Table
Conference to discuss a future constitution.
These were the demands:-
Discontinuation of the civil disobedience movement by the

Indian National Congress
Participation by the Indian National Congress in the Round
Table Conference
Withdrawal of all ordinances issued by the British Government
imposing curbs on the activities of the Indian National Congress
Withdrawal of all prosecutions relating to several types of
offenses except those involving violence
Release of prisoners arrested for participating in the civil
disobedience movement
Removal of the tax on salt, which allowed the Indians to produce,
trade, and sell salt legally and for their own private use.
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING
Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that
they are all part of the same nation, when they discover
some unity that binds them together.
The sense of collective belonging came partly through
the experience of united struggles.
In 1870 Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote ‘Vande
Maatram’
In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting
ballads, nursery rhymes and myths, and led the
movement for folk revival.
In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive four-
volume collection of Tamil folk tales, The Folklore of
Southern India.
BHARAT MATA
The image of Bharat Mata was first
created by Bankim Chandra
Chattopadhyay.
Moved by Swadeshi movement,
Abindranath Tagore painted his
famous image of Bharat Mata.
CONCLUSION
A growing anger against the colonial government
was thus bringing together various groups and
classes of Indians into a common struggle for
freedom in the first half of the twentieth century.
Through such movements the nationalists tried to
forge a national unity. But the diverse groups and
classes participated in these movements with
varied aspirations and expectations. As their
grievances were wide-ranging, freedom from
colonial rule also meant different things to
different people.
The Congress continuously attempted to resolve
differences, and ensure that the demands of one
group did not alienate another. This is precisely
why the unity within the movement often broke
down. The high points of Congress activity and
nationalist unity were followed by phases of
disunity and inner conflict between groups.
In other words, what was emerging was a nation
with many voices wanting freedom from colonial
rule.

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The three British political parties were represented by sixteen

Discontinuation of the civil disobedience movement by the

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