Pedagogy and Andragogy
Pedagogy
Pedagogy
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About Pedagogy
•concerned teaching young children relatively simple skills
mostly reading and writing.
•Model was adopted and reinforced with the spread of
elementary schools throughout Europe and North America.
•In fact not much knowledge about learning until studies on
adult learning began to appear after World War II.
Drawbacks of Pedagogy
• Adult education began to be organized
systematically during the 1920s
•Teachers of adults began experiencing several
problems with the pedagogical model.
•Pedagogy was based on the premise that the
purpose of education was the transmittal of
knowledge and skills.
•Adult learners seemed to feel this was insufficient and
frequently resisted teaching strategies that pedagogy
prescribed, such as
lectures,
assigned readings,
quizzes,
note memorizing, and
examinations.
• Dropout rates were high.
•Teachers also noted that many of the assumptions about the
characteristics of learners in the pedagogic model did not fit
their adult students.
Andragogy
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Andragogy
•Andragogy was first introduced to the United States in 1927
•The goal of adult education should be self-actualization; thus,
the learning process should involve the whole emotional,
psychological, and intellectual being.
•The mission of adult educators is to assist adults to develop
their full potential, and andragogy is the teaching methodology
used to achieve this end.
About Andragogy
Andragogy is premised on four crucial assumptions about the
characteristics of learners that are different from the
assumptions on which traditional pedagogy is premised.
These assumptions are that as individuals mature:
1) Their self-concept moves from one of being a dependent
personality toward being a self-directed human being.
2) They accumulate a growing reservoir of experience that
becomes an increasingly rich resource for learning.
3) Their readiness to learn becomes oriented increasingly to
the developmental tasks of their social roles.
4) Their orientation toward learning shifts from one of
subject-centeredness to one of performance-
centeredness .
Characteristics of Learners
ADULT LEARNERS YOUTH LEARNERS
Problem-centered Subject-oriented
Results-oriented Future-oriented
Self-directed Often depend on adults for
Often hesitant about new direction
information More accepting
Seek relevancy Often train for unclear future
Accepts responsibility for own Often dependent on others
learning
Principles of Adult Learning
There are 12 principles for adult learning:
1. Needs assessment - participation of the learners in naming
what is to be learned.
2. Safety in the environment and the process. create a
context for learning. That context can be made safe.
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3. Sound relationships between teacher and learner and
among learners.
4. Sequence of content and reinforcement.
5. Praxis - action with reflection or learning by doing.
6. Respect for learners as decision makers.
7. Ideas, feelings, and actions - cognitive, affective, and
psychomotor aspects of learning.
8. Immediacy of the learning.
9. Clear roles and role development.
10. Teamwork and use of small groups.
11. Engagement of the learners in what they are learning.
12. Accountability - how do they know?
Conclusion
1. Andragogy is an adult focused teaching approach while
Pedagogy is a child focused teaching approach.
2. Andragogy is more motivational than Pedagogy
3. Both methods have their pros and cons.
Conclusion
• You can conclude from the above
that pedagogy is a child-focused teaching
approach, whereas andragogy an adult-
focused teaching approach; or,
formally, pedagogy is the art and science of
helping kids learn, whereas andragogy is the
art and science of helping adults learn.
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