Research in Social

Sciences
Prepared by:
Mr. Ronald H. Abesamis; LPT, CSP,RSP, MAEd
Instructor III
WHAT IS RESEARCH?

The systematic, rigorous investigation of a

situation or problem in order to generatenew
knowledge or validate existing knowledge.
APPLIEDRESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH
Applied research refers to scientific study and research that
CORRELATIONALRESEARCH seeks to solve practical problems. Applied research is used to
find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and develop
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
innovative technologies, rather than to acquire knowledge for
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
knowledge's sake.

EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
For example, applied researchers may investigate ways to:
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH .
• Improve agricultural crop production
GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. • Treat or cure a specific disease
• Improve the energy efficiency of homes, offices, ormodes
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
of transportation
PHENOMENOLOGICAL

RESEARCH QUALITATIVE

RESEARCH

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH BASIC RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH
Basic (aka fundamental or pure ) research is driven by a
CORRELATIONALRESEARCH scientist's curiosity or interest in a scientific question. The
main motivation is to expand man'sknowledge, not to create
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
or invent something. There is no obviouscommercial value to
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
the discoveries that result from basicresearch.

EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
For example, basic science investigations probe for answers
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . to questions suchas:

GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. • How did the universe begin?

• What are protons, neutrons, and electrons composed of?
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
• How do slime molds reproduce?
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
• What is the specific genetic code of the fruitfly?

RESEARCH

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH

CORRELATIONALRESEARCH Correlational research refers to the systematic investigation or

statistical study of relationships among two or more variables,
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH without necessarily determining cause and effect.
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
It Seeks to establish a relation/association/correlation
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
between two or more variables that do not readily lend
themselves to experimentalmanipulation.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH .
For example, to test the hypothesis “ Listening to music lowers
GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. blood pressure levels” there are 2 ways of conductingresearch

HISTORICAL RESEARCH • Experimental – group samples and make one group listen
to music and then compare the bplevels
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
• Survey – ask people how they feel ? How often they listen?
RESEARCH And then compare

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH

CORRELATIONALRESEARCH Advantages:

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH 1)Can collect much information from many subjects at

one time.
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
2) Can study a wide range of variables and their
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
interrelations.
3)Study variables that are not easily produced in the
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . laboratory.

GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH.

Disadvantages:
HISTORICAL RESEARCH

1) Correlation does not indicate causation( cause and

PHENOMENOLOGICAL
effect).
RESEARCH 2) Problems with self-report method .

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH

CORRELATIONALRESEARCH
Descriptive research refers to research that provides an
accurate portrayal of characteristics of a particularindividual,
DESCRIPTIVERESEARCH
situation, or group. Descriptive research, also known
as statisticalresearch.
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
These studies are a means of discovering new meaning,
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH describing what exists, determining the frequency withwhich
something occurs, and categorizing information.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH .

GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. In short descriptive research deals with everything that can be
counted and studied, which has an impact of the lives of the
HISTORICAL RESEARCH people it dealswith.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
For example,
RESEARCH
• finding the most frequent disease that affects the children of
a town. The reader of the research will know what to do to
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH prevent that disease thus, more people will live a healthylife.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH

CORRELATIONALRESEARCH
Advantages:

DESCRIPTIVERESEARCH
• The people individual studied are unaware so they act
naturally or as they usually do in everydaysituation;
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH • It is less expensive and time consuming than quantitative
experiments;
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH • Collects a large amount of notes for detailed studying;
• As it is used to describe and not make any conclusions it is
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . to start the research with it;

GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH.

Disadvantages
HISTORICAL RESEARCH

PHENOMENOLOGICAL • Descriptive research requires more skills.

• Does not identify cause behind aphenomenon
RESEARCH • Response rate is low in this research.
• Results of this research can change over the period of
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH time.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH
Ethnographic research refer to the investigation of a culture
CORRELATIONALRESEARCH through an in-depth study of the members of the culture; it
involves the systematic collection, description, and analysis
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
of data for development of theories of culturalbehaviour.
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

• It studies people, ethnic groups and other ethnic

EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
formations, their ethno genesis, composition,
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . resettlement, social welfare characteristics, as well as
their material and spiritual culture.
GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH.
• Data collection is often done through participant
HISTORICAL RESEARCH observation, interviews, questionnaires, etc.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
• The purpose of ethnographic research is to attempt to
RESEARCH
understand what is happening naturally in the settingand
to interpret the data gathered to see what implications
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH could be formed from the data.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH

Experimental research is an objective, systematic, controlled

CORRELATIONALRESEARCH
investigation for the purpose of predicting and controlling
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH phenomena and examining probability and causality among
selected variables.
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

Advantages
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
• Best establishes cause-and-effect relationships
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH .

Disadvantages
GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH.

HISTORICAL RESEARCH • Artificiality

PHENOMENOLOGICAL • Feasibility

RESEARCH
• Unethical
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH

The simplest experimental design includes two variables and two

CORRELATIONALRESEARCH
groups of participants.
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
The two variables(Independent versus Dependentvariables).
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
• The IV is the predictor variable whereas the DV is the outcome
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH variable.
• Researchers manipulate and control the IV to study it's effecton
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . the DV.

GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. The two groups of participants (Control versus Experimental
group).
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
• Before beginning the experiment, the researcher (randomly)
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
assigns his/her sample to two different groups: the control
group and the experimental (treatment group orclinical group).
RESEARCH • The control group receives no manipulation of the IV (no
treatment), whereas the experimental group receives the
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH manipulation of the IV

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH
Exploratory research is a type of research conducted fora
CORRELATIONALRESEARCH problem that has not been clearly defined. Exploratory
research helps determine the best research design, data
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH collection method and selection ofsubjects.
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
• The results of exploratory research are not usually useful
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
for decision-making by themselves, but they can provide
significant insight into a given situation
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH .
• Exploratory research is not typically generalizableto
GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. the population at large.

HISTORICAL RESEARCH • Exploratory research can be quite informal, relying

on secondary research such as reviewing available
PHENOMENOLOGICAL literature and/or data, or qualitative approaches such as
informal discussions with consumers, employees,
RESEARCH
management or competitors, and more formal approaches
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
through in-depth interviews, focus groups, projective
methods, case studies or pilot studies.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH GROUNDED THEORYRESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH
Grounded theory research is a research approach designed to
CORRELATIONALRESEARCH discover what problems exist in a givensocial environment and
how the persons involved handle them; it involves formulation,
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH testing, and reformulation of propositions until a theory is
developed.
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
Grounded theory is a research method that operates almost in a
reverse fashion from traditional research and at firstmay appear to
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . be in contradiction to the scientificmethod.
GROUNDED THEORY
Four stages:
RESEARCH.
1. Codes-Identifying anchors that allow the key points of the data
to be gathered
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
2. Concepts-Collections of codes of similar content thatallows the
PHENOMENOLOGICAL data to be grouped
3. Categories-Broad groups of similar concepts that are usedto
RESEARCH generate a theory
4. Theory-A collection of explanations that explain the subjectof
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
the research (hypotheses)
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH HISTORICAL RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH
Historical research is research involving analysis of events
that occurred in the remote or recentpast
CORRELATIONALRESEARCH

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
Application
• Historical research can show patterns that occurred in the past
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
and over time which can help us to see where we came from
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH and what kinds of solutions we have used in thepast.
• Understanding this can add perspective on how we examine
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . current events and educational practices.

GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH.

The steps involved in the conduct of historical research

HISTORICALRESEARCH Here are the five steps:
1.Identification of the research topic and formulation of the
PHENOMENOLOGICAL research problem or question.
RESEARCH
2.Data collection or literature review
3.Evaluation of materials
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 4.Data synthesis
5. Report preparation or preparation of the narrative exposition
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH HISTORICAL RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH
Historical research gives a social scientist a better context for
CORRELATIONALRESEARCH making realistic decisions.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH Strengths

• Provides a comprehensive picture of historical trends
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
• Uses existing information
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
• Provides evidence of on-going trends and problems

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . Limitations

• Time-consuming
GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. • Resources may be hard to locate
• Resources may be conflicting
HISTORICALRESEARCH • May not identify cause of aproblem
• Information may be incomplete, obsolete, inconclusive, or
PHENOMENOLOGICAL inaccurate
• Data restricted to what alreadyexists
RESEARCH

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH PHENOMENLOGICAL RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH
Phenomenological research an inductive, descriptive research
CORRELATIONALRESEARCH approach developed from phenomenological philosophy; its
aim is to describe an experience as it is actually lived by the
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH person

ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
• Phenomenology is concerned with the study of experience
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH from the perspective of theindividual, ‘bracketing’ taken-for-
granted assumptions and usual ways of perceiving.
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH .

• They are based in a paradigm of personal knowledge and

GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH.
subjectivity, and emphasise the importance of personal
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
perspective and interpretation.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
• As such they are powerful for understanding subjective
RESEARCH experience, gaining insights into people’s motivations and
actions, and cutting through the clutter oftaken-for-granted
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
assumptions and conventional wisdom.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH

BASIC RESEARCH On a broader perspective, all researches

CORRELATIONALRESEARCH can be classified into two groups:
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
• Qualitative Research
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH .

GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. • Quantitative Research

HISTORICAL RESEARCH

PHENOM ENOLOGICAL
RESEARCH

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH

CORRELATIONALRESEARCH
Qualitative research is research dealing with phenomena thatare
difficult or impossible to quantify mathematically, such as beliefs,
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
meanings, attributes, and symbols
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH
Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that
govern such behaviour. The qualitative method investigates
GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH.
the why and how of decision making, not just what, where,
when.
HISTORICAL RESEARCH

PHENOMENOLOGICAL

RESEARCH

QUALITATIVERESEARCH

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH Advantages
• It enables more complex aspects of a persons experience to
CORRELATIONALRESEARCH be studied
• Fewer restriction or assumptions are placed on the datato
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
be collected.
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
• Not everything can be quantified, or quantified easily,
Individuals can be studied in more depth
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH • Good for exploratory research and hypothesis generation
• The participants are able to provide data in theirown words
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH . and in their own way

GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH.

Disadvantages
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
• It is more difficult to determine the validity and reliability of
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
linguistic data
• there is more subjectivity involved in analysing the data.
RESEARCH • “Data overload” – open-ended questions can sometimes
create lots of data, which can take along time to analyse!
QUALITATIVERESEARCH • Time consuming

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
APPLIED RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH Quantitative research refers to the systematic empirical
investigation of any phenomena via statistical, mathematicalor
CORRELATIONALRESEARCH computational techniques. The objective of quantitative
research is to develop and employmathematical
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining tophenomena
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
Quantitative research is generally made using scientific
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH methods, which can include:

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH .
• The generation of models, theories and hypotheses
GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH.
• The development of instruments and methodsfor
HISTORICAL RESEARCH measurement

PHENOMENOLOGICAL • Experimental control and manipulation of variables

RESEARCH
• Collection of empirical data
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• Modelling and analysis of data
QUANTITATIVERESEARCH
• Evaluation of results
APPLIED RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
BASIC RESEARCH Advantages
• Quantitative research allows the researcher to measureand
CORRELATIONALRESEARCH analyse data.
• The researcher is more objective about the findings of the
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
research.
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
• Quantitative research can be used to test hypotheses in
experiments because of its ability to measure data using
EXPERIMENTALRESEARCH statistics.

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH .
Disadvantages
GROUNDED THEORY RESEARCH. • The main disadvantage of quantitative research is the
context of the study orexperiment is ignored.
HISTORICAL RESEARCH
• Quantitative research does not study things in a natural
PHENOMENOLOGICAL
setting or discuss the meaning things have for different
people.
RESEARCH • A large sample of the population must be studied for more
accurate results
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

QUANTITATIVERESEARCH
THANK YOU
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
1.In qualitative research, what are the
word’s that researcher should avoid in
making research question?
A. What
B. Percieve
C. Effect
D. How
ANSWER: B. Perceive
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
2. In a study of the effect of the amount of TV
viewing on children’s aggressiveness,
amount of TV viewing would be type of
variable.
A. Independent
B. Dependent
C. Control
D. Extraneous Variable
ANSWER: B. Dependent
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
3. How are research questions most often
described?
A. Arising within the laboratory
B. Posed after important factors are indentified
C. Always answered if we follow a scientific
method
D. May arise from our everyday life experiences.
ANSWER: C. Always answered if
we follow a scientific method
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
4. Which of the following best describes a hypothesis?
A. Statement that you set out to prove.
B. Tested by collecting only the data that support it.
C. Proposed before a good research question can be
developed.
D. Posits a clear relationship between different
factors.
Answer: D. Posits a clear relationship
between different factors.
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
5. Experimental methods can typically be
describe by which of the following?
A. Descriptive
B. Cause and Effect
C. Correlational
D. Qualitative
Answer: B. Cause and Effect
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
6. Michael hands out a survey to find out the
average age and schooling level of his
class. What type of research is this?
A. Historical
B. Cause and Effect
C. Quasi- Experimental
D. Descriptive

Answer: D. descriptive
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
7. Which of the following is true of the scientific
method of inquiry?
A. Complete once in the hypothesis has been tested
B. Will vary depending on the specific research
question.
C. Systematic process that is used to answer
question.
D. Different in basic research than applied research
Answer: C. Systematic process that is
used to answer question.
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
8. Non experimental research method consist of which
of the following?
A. Text casual relationships between variables
B. Only describe characteristics of existing
phenomenon
C. Can be descriptive, historical or correlational
D. Examine factors that are not related.

Answer: C. Can be descriptive,

historical or correlational
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
9. Hannah assigns children to different teaching
method groups and tests their math
performance after six weeks. This is an
example of what type of research?
A. Descriptive
B. Historical
C. Experimental
D. Uncontrolled
Answer: C. Experimental
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
10. Samantha is interested in studying the
relationship between gender differences and
verbal ability. This is an example of what type
of research?
A. Descriptive
B. Quasi- Experimental
C. Correlational
D. Gender Research
Answer:C. Correlational
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
11. What method of thinking and learning draw
from the general qualities of knowledge to
particular knowledge
A. Induction
B. Deduction
C. Discovery
D. Problem Solving

Answer: B. Deduction
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
12. What aspect of inquiry is not related to ethical
conduct in research?
A. Security Participants
B. Respect of confidentiality
C. Voluntary participation by respondents
D. Limitation in research scope

Answer: D. Limitation in research

scope
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
13. Systematic explanation of observed
phenomena drawn from social manifestation
in social life is_____________
A. Hypothesis
B. Theory
C. Assumption
D. Truth

Answer: B. Theory
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
14. Scientific inquiries conducted on social
change over a period of time are_____
A. Trend Studies
B. Cohort studies
C. Panel Studies
D. Case Studies

Answer: A. Trend studies

LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
15. The two essential dimensions in teaching
Social Science are_________ and
A. Observing and inferring
B. Seeing and listening
C. Searching and imparting
D. Knowing and thinking

Answer: A. Observing and

Inferring
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
16. Concentration in thinking which leads to a
constant, unbroken line of thoughts is_____
A. Infusion
B. Focus
C. Intention
D. Direction

Answer: B. Focus
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
17. A comprehensive list of important or relevant
actions to be completed in a specified order
is___
A. pattern
B. matrix
C. checklist
D. report

Answer: C. Checklist
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
18. What method of thinking and learning draws
the general qualities of a person from
particular traits?
A. Problem Solving
B. Inductive
C. Deductive
D. Discovery

Answer: B. Inductive
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
19. What are the studies conducted on social
change over a period of time?
A. Trend Studies
B. Cohort Studies
C. Panel Studies
D. Case Studies

Answer: A. Trend Studies

LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
20. What is a tentative answer to a research
problem?
A. Theoretical Framework
B. Recommendations
C. Conclusion
D. Hypothesis

Answer: D. Hypothesis
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
21. In which part of the research do you find the
answers to the research problems?
A. Recommendations
B. Conclusion
C. Theoretical Framework
D. Hypothesis

Answer: B. Conclusion
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
22. Which is referred to as the cause of variable?
A. Dependent Variable
B. Moderator Variable
C. Independent Variable
D. Extraneous

Answer: C. Independent Variable

LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
23. In research, which variable do you
manipulate?
A. Moderator
B. Independent
C. Dependent
D. Extraneous

Answer: B. Independent
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
24. You will study within the population issue of
corruption of public officials under the
different regimes. Which study will you
engage in?
A. Cross-Sectional
B. Trend Study
C. Cohort Study
D. Longitudinal
Answer: B. Trend Study
25. You want to examine specific sub- populations
which as those who played part in EDSA
revolution with focus on how their attitudes
have changed. Which study will you do?
A. Longitudinal Study
B. Trend Study
C. Cohort Study
D. Cross Sectional Study
Answer: C. Cohort Study
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
26. Which did researcher Ana conduct on kinds of
worship among similar Christian groups?
A. Trend
B. Cross-Sectional
C. Cohort Study
D. Longtitudinal

Answer: C. Cohort Study

LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
27. The basic human activity in research is______
A. Inquiring
B. Thinking
C. Calculating
D. Measuring

Answer: A. Inquiring
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
28. Science requires________in order to
differentiate it from philosophy.
A. Authority
B. Logical Thinking
C. Empirical Evidence
D. Tradition

Answer: C. Empirical Evidence

LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
29. To which group do we belong if we don’t
accept the truth because we insist on
belonging to a group or resist the risk of being
different?
A. Change Agents
B. Radical
C. Anarchists
D. Conformists
Answer: D. Conformist
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
30. In which situation do we insist on belonging
to a group thus resisting the risk of being
different.
A. Conformist
B. Radicalism
C. Anarchism
D. Pessimism

Answer: A. Conformist
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
31. A Social Science teacher conducts a research
on the best practices of teaching Araling
Panlipunan in Grade 9. What kind of research
does the teacher conduct
A. Action Research
B. Applied Research
C. Basic Research
D. Field Research
Answer: A. Action Research
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
32. Which step is undertaken when the researcher
mulls over a chosen topic and purpose,
thinking about aspects and dimensions of a
chosen social issue?
A. Observation
B. Operationalization
C. Conceptualization
D. Population and Sampling
Answer: C. Conceptualization
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
33. What is the sampling technique in studying a
sub-set of a large population that can show a
meaningfulness result, eg. By interviewing
some people during a rally?
A. Snowball Sampling
B. Judgmental Sampling
C. Quota Sampling
D. Non-probability sampling
Answer: B. Judgmental Sampling
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
34. Which sampling technique is used by
selecting a few members of a target
population e.g, migrant workers you meet at
the airport.
A. Judgmental Sampling
B. Quota Sampling
C. Snowball Sampling
D. Probability Sampling
Answer: C. Snowball Sampling
LET September 2017, March and
September 2018 Questions
35. What sampling technique helps to determine
the proportion of the population by use of
matrix and relative proportion for each cell,
eg. Interviewing a few people who meet the
characteristics of being non-religious.
A. Quota Sampling
B. Purposive Sampling
C. Probability Sampling
D. Snowball Sampling
Answer: A. Quota Sampling
SEPTEMBER
2018 PREVIOUS
BOARD EXAM
QUESTIONS

LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
1. Who was the first US president to
visit the People’s Republic of
China?
A. Ford
B. Nixon
C. Kennedy
D. Eisenhower
ANSWER: B. Nixon
LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
2. Which was dubbed as unusual deadly
pandemic which killed over 1 percent of the
world population?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Meningitis
C. Spanish Flu
D. HIV

ANSWER: C. Spanish Flu

LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
3. The maritime dispute between philippines and
china has made significant impact on the relations
of two states. The philippines maintain its position
that spratly islands within the exclusive Economic
Zone of the country while china invoked.
A. Nine Dash Line
B. Eight Dash Line
C. Seven Dash Line
D. Six Dash Line
ANSWER: A. Nine Dash Line
LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
4. What is the strain in geography which is
uses ideas from feminism in geographic
context?
A. A sexual Geography
B. Gender Equality Geography
C. Sex liberation Geography
D. Feminist Geography

ANSWER: D. Feminist Geography

LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
5. What is Northern Philippines earned
the title little Hongkong of the south?
a. Roxas
b. Dipolog City
c. Pagadian
d. Zamboanga

ANSWER: C. Pagadian
LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
6. What is GIS?
A. Geographic Information Structure
B. Geometric Information System
C. Geographic Information System
D. Geological Informarion System

ANSWER: C.
LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
7. What type of geographers study the
natural environment?
A. Temporal.
B. Climatic.
C. Floral.
D. Physical

ANSWER: D. Physical
LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
8. Who was the first person to use the name
"Geography" in 267-194 ?
A. Homer.
B. Aristotle.
C. Plato.
D. Erasthosthenes

ANSWER: D. Erasthosthenes
LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
9. Which country is almost fully
dependent on imported raw materials
for its iron and steel industries?
A. Britain
B. Poland
C. Germany
D. Japan
. ANSWER: D. Japan
LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
10. Who among the president of the
Philippines was known for his love for the
"little man" and opened Malacanang Palace
to all?
A. Ferdinand Marcos
B. Ramon Magsaysay
C. Carlos P. Garcia
D. Elpidio Quirino
ANSWER: B. Ramon Magsaysay
LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
11. May magasawang filipino pero nanganak sa USA,
at ayon po aa batas ng US ang citizenship ng bata ay
american citizen. Ang tanong po ay, based sa
philippine constitution what will be the citizenship of
the child??
A. Dual Citizen
B. The child is an american citizen
C. The child is a filipino citizen
D. The child has no citizenship
ANSWER: C. The child is a
Filipino Citizen
LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
12. When may stoppage and search of vehicles without
warrant be valid?
A. There is a report supplied by undercover agent
B. Where accused is carrying bulging bags and was
suspiciously quiet and nervous when asked about its
content
C. Where the physical appearance of the accused fitted the
description given in the confidential repor
D. All of the above

ANSWER: D
LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
67. An experimental research might compare
accidents rates in those who text and drive
versus who do not text and drive. Which would
be the independent variable
A. The outcome (accident or no accident)
B. The behavior of texting and driving
C. Gender of drivers who text and drive
D. Ages of drivers who text and drive
ANSWER: B
LET SEPTEMBER 2018 Questions
SOCIAL SCIENCE/STUDIES
78. Research Z conducted a correlational
research on texting while driving and rate of
accidents. Which is a possible finding?
A. Younger drivers have an increased rate of
accidents while texting and driving
B. Older drivers have less cell phones
C. Younger drivers are more techno savy
D. Accidents are caused by texting
ANSWER: A