PSYCHOANALYSIS
Reporters:
Frenz M. Espelico
Wilbert Sumalinog
PSYCHOANALYSIS
• is defined as a set of psychological
theories and therapeutic techniques that
have their origin in the work and
theories of Sigmund Freud. The core
idea at the center of psychoanalysis is
the belief that all people possess
unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires,
and memories.
Psychoanalytic Theory
• is the theory of personality organization and the
dynamics of personality development that guides
psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating
psychopathology.
• came to full prominence in the last third of the
twentieth century as part of the flow of critical
discourse regarding psychological treatments after
the 1960s, long after Freud's death in 1939,and its
validity is now widely disputed or rejected.
PERSONALITY
• An individual’s unique and relatively
consistent patterns of thinking, feeling,
and behaving.
Personality perspectives
• Psychoanalytic
- Importance of unconscious processes and childhood
experiences.
• Humanistic
- Importance of self and fulfillment of potential.
• Social cognitive
- Importance of beliefs about self.
• Trait
- Description and measurement of personality
differences.
• He was an Austrian Sigmund Freud
neurologist and the
founder of
psychoanalysis, a clinical
method for treating
psychopathology through
dialogue between a patient
and a psychoanalyst.
• He divided mental life into
three agencies or
“provinces”, id, ego,
superego.
Psychoanalysis as a Therapy
• A therapeutic technique that attempts
to provide insight into one’s thoughts
and actions
• Does so by exposing and interpreting
the underlying unconscious motives and
conflicts
Psychoanalytic Approach
• Developed by Sigmund Freud
• Psychoanalysis is both an approach to
therapy and a theory of personality
• Emphasizes unconscious motivation
- The main causes of behavior lie buried
in the unconscious mind
• Psychodynamic Perspective
- A more modern view of personality that retains
some aspects of Freudian theory but rejects
other aspects
- Retains the importance of the unconscious mind
Psychodynamic
Perspective:
3 Views of the Mind
• Conscious Mind
• Preconscious Mind
• Unconscious Mind
FREE ASSOCIATION
• Freudian technique of exploring the
unconscious mind by having the person
relax and say whatever comes to mind no
matter how trivial or embarrassing.
The Couch
Conscious Mind
• All thoughts, feelings, and sensations that
you are aware of at this particular moment
represent the Conscious level.
Preconscious Mind
• A region of the mind holding information that is
not conscious but is easily retrievable into
conscious awareness
• Holds thoughts and memories not in one’s current
awareness but can easily be retrieved (childhood
memories, phone number)
Unconscious Mind
• A region of the mind that includes unacceptable thoughts,
wishes, feelings and memories.
• Not aware of these thoughts, wishes, etc. but they exert
great influence over our conscious thoughts & behavior.
• Freud felt that dreams were the “The royal road to
unconsciousness” – behind the surface image (manifest
content) lied true hidden meaning (latent content).
• Can also surface as “slips of
the tongue” or Freudian Slips.
Psychodynamic Perspective:
The three psychic provinces
are the following…
Id, Ego, & Superego
ID
• Is the reservoir of basic instinctual
drives, particularly sexual
(libidinal) drives, which motivate
the organism to seek pleasure.
• Does bot distinguish between
reality and fantasy
EGO
• Is a modification of the id that
emerges as a result of the direct
influence of the external world.
• Is the “executive” of the personality
in the sense that it regulates
libidinal drive energies so that
satisfaction accords with the
demands of reality.
• Is the center of reason, reality-
testing, and commonsense, and
has at its command a range of
SUPEREGO
• Is a further differentiation within the
ego which represents its “ideal”.
• is the ethical component of the
personality and provides the moral
standards by which
the ego operates. The
superego's criticisms, prohibitions,
and inhibitions form a person's
conscience, and its positive
“The id operates in pursuit of pleasure,
and the ego is governed by the reality
principle, the superego bids the psychic
apparatus to pursue idealistic goals and
perfection.”
THE PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE:
Freud’s Psychosexual
Stages
Psychosexual Stages
• In Freudian theory, the childhood stages of
development during which the id’s pleasure
seeking energies are focused on different
parts of the body.
• A person can become “fixated” or stuck at a
stage and as an adult attempt to achieve
pleasure as in ways that are equivalent to how
it was achieved in these stages
Oral Stage (birth – 1 year)
• Mouth is associated with sexual
pleasure
• Pleasure comes from chewing, biting
and sucking.
• Weaning a child can lead to fixation if
not handled correctly
• Fixation can lead to oral activities in
adulthood
Anal Stage (1-3 years)
• Gratification comes from bowel and
bladders functions.
• Toilet training can lead to fixation if
not handled correctly
• Fixation can lead to anal retentive or
expulsive behaviors in adulthood
Phallic Stage (3-6 years)
• Focus of pleasure shifts to the genitals
• Sexual attraction for opposite sex parent
• Boys cope with incestuous feelings toward
their mother and rival feelings toward their
dad (Oedipus Complex). For girls it is called
the Electra Complex.
• Child identifies with and tries to mimic the
same sex parent to learn gender identity.
Oedipus Complex
• Boys feel hostility and jealousy towards their fathers
but knows their father is more powerful. This leads
to…
• Castration Anxiety results in boys who feel their father
will punish them by castrating them.
• Resolve this through Identification - imitating and
internalizing one's father's values, attitudes and
mannerism
• The fact that only the father can have sexual relations
with the mother becomes internalized in the boy as
taboo against incest in the boy's superego
Electra Complex
• Girls also have incestuous feelings for their
dad and compete with their mother
• Penis envy - little girl suffer from deprivation
and loss and blames her mother for "sending
her into the world insufficiently equipped"
causing her to resent her mother
• In an attempt to take her mother's place she
eventually identifies with her mother
• Fixation can lead to excessive masculinity in
males and the need for attention or
Domination in females
Latency Stage (6-puberty)
• Sexuality is repressed due to intense
anxiety caused by Oedipus Complex
• Children participate in hobbies, school,
and same-sex friendships that
strengthen their sexual identity.
Genital Stage (Puberty On)
• Incestuous sexual feelings re-emerge
but being prohibited by the superego
are redirected toward others who
resemble the person’s opposite sex
parent.
• Healthy adults find pleasure in love and
work, fixated adults have their energy
tied up in earlier stages.
Defense mechanisms
(Unconscious Self-
Deception)
Defense mechanisms
• Unconscious mental processes employed by
the ego to reduce anxiety by unconsciously
distorting reality
Repression
• Puts on anxiety-producing thoughts,
feelings and memories into the unconscious
mind
• The basis for all other defense mechanisms
Denial
Let's an anxious person refuse to admit
that something unpleasant happened
Regression
• Allows an anxious person to retreat to a
more comfortable, infantile stage of life
Reaction formula
Replacing an unacceptable wish with its
opposite
Projection
• Reducing anxiety by attributing
unacceptable impulses or problems about
yourself to someone else
Rationalization
Displaces real, anxiety-provoking
explanations with more comforting
justifications for one's actions
Reasoning away anxiety-producing
thoughts
Displacement
• Shifts an unacceptable impulse toward a
more acceptable or less threatening object
or person
Sublimation
A form of displacement in which sexual
urges to channeled into non sexual
activities that are valued by society
Undoing
• Unconsciously neutralizing an anxiety
causing action by doing a second action that
undoes the first action
Have a good day <3<3<3
Review Test : Psychoanalysis
Tests would be easy if you just listen to the
speaker.
Good luck !!!
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