Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

    • 43 views

    Introduction To Philosophy: Elaine M. Lazaro

    Uploaded by

    Freazel Talampas
    This document provides an introduction to the key concepts and figures in philosophy. It discusses the three main branches of philosophy - metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. It then describes the early mythological explanations of reality in ancient Greece and the shift to more rational inquiry with thinkers like Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes. A significant section focuses on Socrates, including his life, teachings, use of questioning to expose weaknesses in arguments, and his trial and death in Athens.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Introduction To Philosophy: Elaine M. Lazaro

    Uploaded by

    Freazel Talampas
    43 views16 pages
    This document provides an introduction to the key concepts and figures in philosophy. It discusses the three main branches of philosophy - metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. It then describes the early mythological explanations of reality in ancient Greece and the shift to more rational inquiry with thinkers like Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes. A significant section focuses on Socrates, including his life, teachings, use of questioning to expose weaknesses in arguments, and his trial and death in Athens.

    Original Description:

    Introduction to Philosophy

    Original Title

    Intro to Philosophy_1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides an introduction to the key concepts and figures in philosophy. It discusses the three main branches of philosophy - metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. It then describes the early mythological explanations of reality in ancient Greece and the shift to more rational inquiry with thinkers like Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes. A significant section focuses on Socrates, including his life, teachings, use of questioning to expose weaknesses in arguments, and his trial and death in Athens.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    43 views16 pages

    Introduction To Philosophy: Elaine M. Lazaro

    Uploaded by

    Freazel Talampas
    This document provides an introduction to the key concepts and figures in philosophy. It discusses the three main branches of philosophy - metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. It then describes the early mythological explanations of reality in ancient Greece and the shift to more rational inquiry with thinkers like Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes. A significant section focuses on Socrates, including his life, teachings, use of questioning to expose weaknesses in arguments, and his trial and death in Athens.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Introduction to Philosophy

    ELAINE M. LAZARO
    CLASS RULES

     Attendance
     Use of mobile phones
     Consultation hours
     Book/sources
    Three Main Branches of Philosophy

     Metaphysics – deals with the nature of reality


     “Is there God?” “Where does the world come from?”

     Epistemology – also known as the theory of


    knowledge
     “What are the limits of human knowledge?” “What is true?”
     Ethics – deals with the goodness or badness of our
    actions; how to live our lives
     “How should we treat the other person?” “What should be our
    moral values?”
    The Mythological World Picture

     Philosophy flourished in Ancient Greece, but before


    there was philosophy, the Ancient Greeks (just like
    many forefathers of most, if not all countries) tried to
    answer these philosophical questions.
     They sought answers through “the mythological
    world picture.”
     If the seas won’t calm or if there are no fishes in the sea, the
    gods must be angry. We might have done something wrong.
     Around 700 BC, these myths were more likely
    written by Homer or Hesiod.
    The Mythological World Picture
    Criticisms to the Mythological World Picture

     Thales of Miletus
    (circa 585 BC)
     Xenophanes (Circa 570 BC)
    A shift to Athens…and to “man”
    SOCRATES

     The ugliness of Socrates and the


    Athenian fondness for beauty
     (470-399 BC)
     An enigmatic figure in
    philosophy, possibly a
    mouthpiece of Plato.
     Mother : midwife
     Father : mason
     Occupations: mason, soldier,
    philosopher
     He was not a responsible husband
    Teachers

     Socrates -> Plato -> Aristotle -> Alexander the Great


    Socratic Irony

     Socrates is credited
    for the Question and
    Answer model in
    education.
     When the oracle
    announced that
    Socrates is the
    wisest man of all, he
    did not believe it. At
    the time, the oracle
    was an authority.
     Instead, Socrates went into the Agora to find out if there
    is truth in what the oracle declared.
     He claimed that he knows nothing.
     “One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing.”
     Thus, he engaged in dialogue with statesmen, artists, and
    others who were considered wise in Athens. He kept on
    asking questions, and in the process of Q and A, he was
    able to show the weaknesses of his partners’ arguments,
    especially those of the Sophists.
     Sophists – usually characterized as learned men who
    flocked to Athens and taught that nothing is universally
    true.
    Socratic Method: and Intellectual Midwifery

     The Q and A process or the dialogue resulted into


    intellectual midwifery. Socrates believed that true
    insight comes from within. He disagreed with the
    Sophist’s and believed that some truths are
    universal.
     He was concerned with finding clear definitions of
    what is right and wrong. For him the right insight
    (coming from reason), leads to the right action.
    Socrates as the Gadfly of Athens
     Socrates existed at the time of the transition from
    Athenian height to its defeat from Sparta.
     In his various dialogues, he appears to have favored
    Sparta.
     He criticized democracy as a form of government
    (used by Athens at the time) and proposed
    Aristocracy.
     He believed that the rulers of the city should be
    philosophers.
     He was questioned for his moral and political stands.
    The Death of Socrates

     He was accused of
     Corrupting the youth

     Introducing new gods

     While he had a chance to escape, he chose not to. His


    fate is comparable to that of Jesus and Jose Rizal.
     He was sentenced to drink hemlock – a poison.

    You might also like