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Design Optimization of A Prosthetic Knee

This document provides an overview of a project to optimize the design of a prosthetic knee. It discusses total knee arthroplasty and the replacement of knee joints with artificial components. The document outlines the historic evolution of knee replacements from the 19th century to modern designs. It explains that the project aims to focus on improving high flexion capabilities to accommodate activities like squatting and sitting cross-legged. The anatomy of the human knee and common materials and components used in knee implants are also summarized. The document proposes optimizing the prosthetic knee design to improve flexion angle, reduce stress on tibial components, and minimize implant weight.

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Archit Meena
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126 views15 pages

Design Optimization of A Prosthetic Knee

This document provides an overview of a project to optimize the design of a prosthetic knee. It discusses total knee arthroplasty and the replacement of knee joints with artificial components. The document outlines the historic evolution of knee replacements from the 19th century to modern designs. It explains that the project aims to focus on improving high flexion capabilities to accommodate activities like squatting and sitting cross-legged. The anatomy of the human knee and common materials and components used in knee implants are also summarized. The document proposes optimizing the prosthetic knee design to improve flexion angle, reduce stress on tibial components, and minimize implant weight.

Uploaded by

Archit Meena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DESIGN OPTIMIZATION

OF A PROSTHETIC
KNEE
PREPARED BY:
SASTIKA BHANDARI (11530006)
TSHERING CHODEN (11530036)
SURYA PRAKASH MEENA (11510739)
(B-TECH MECHANICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS, NIT KURUKSHETRA)
OVERVIEW

• Definition of TKA.
• Historic Evolution
• Purpose of selection of the topic.
• Anatomy of human knee
• Components and materials used in knee implant.
• Design
WHAT IS TOTAL KNEE
ARTHROPLASTY (TKA)?
• Total knee arthroplasty involves replacing
the entire knee joint, both femoral and tibial
surfaces, with anatomically shaped artificial
components in the hope of regaining normal
joint function and permitting a full range of
knee flexion.
• Joint arthroplasty is performed to relieve
pain and improve functionality in a diseased
or damaged joint.
HISTORIC EVOLUTION
th
• 19 century-Interposition of soft tissues from reconstruction of articular surfaces.
st
• 1950s-Walldius designs 1 hinged knee replacement

• 1958-Maclntosh and McKeever introduced acrylic tibial plateau prosthesis to correct


deformity.
st
• 1960s-Gunston introduces 1 cemented surface arthroplasty of knee joint

• 1970- Guepar develops a new hinged prosthesis based on design by Walldius that
increases motion and decreases bone loss

• 1973-“Total condylar prosthesis” is introduced which is first to resurface all three


compartments (PCL sacrificing)
WHY HAVE WE CHOSEN THIS PROJECT?

• Total knee replacement has been a massive success till now.


• We have focused on high flexion knee optimization keeping in mind the
Asian culture and lifestyle. Common activities requiring high flexion are
kneeling, squatting and sitting cross-legged.
• Attaining high flexion, i.e., up to 150° for an amputee has been a drawback in
conventional knee designs.
ANATOMY OF
HUMAN KNEE
It consist of four
components:
1. Femur
2. Tibial
3. Meniscus
4. Patella
COMPONENTS OF
KNEE IMPLANT
1. Femoral
component
2. Patellar
component
3. Tibial
component
MATERIALS USED

1. Cobalt-chromium - ideal properties for a surrogate knee joint (bio compatible,


inert, hard, tough)
2. Titanium and its alloys- Because titanium is so inert (it doesn’t react with the
human body) and robust, it’s been the preferred material of implants for years
3. Polyethylene- reduces even the minimal wear thereby enabling the implant to last
long.
4. Tantalum- Tantalum has excellent biological-friendly properties
NORMAL KNEE – RANGE OF MOTION

Normal range of motion of knee is


• Flexion – 120-150 degrees
• Internal rotation with knee flexed – 10 degrees
• External rotation with knee flexed – 30-40 degrees
TYPE OF
PROSTHETIC KNEE
DESIGN

• Posterior-Stabilized Designs
• Cruciate-Retaining Designs
• Bicruciate-Retaining Designs
DESIGN OF POSTERIOR
STABILIZED TYPE

Fig. The base design of knee, Tibial component


Fig. Plastic Insert
PROPOSAL

• To improve the flexion angle of the amputee.


• To minimize the stress concentration on the tibial
component by maximizing the contact area.
• To minimize the weight of the implant by reducing the
material used as well as maintaining the same strength.

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