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Rectenna Design for Energy Harvesting

This document discusses rectenna design and applications. A rectenna is a device that converts radio frequency (RF) energy from electromagnetic waves into direct current (DC) electricity. It consists of an antenna and rectifying circuit, usually using a diode. Rectennas can harvest energy from ambient RF sources like cell towers and use it to power devices like wireless sensors and RFID tags as an alternative to batteries. Conversion efficiencies as high as 90.6% have been achieved using gallium arsenide diodes. Applications of rectennas include powering RFID tags, wireless sensors, helicopters, and transmitting power from solar satellites to the ground.

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Rajesh Kumar
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465 views14 pages

Rectenna Design for Energy Harvesting

This document discusses rectenna design and applications. A rectenna is a device that converts radio frequency (RF) energy from electromagnetic waves into direct current (DC) electricity. It consists of an antenna and rectifying circuit, usually using a diode. Rectennas can harvest energy from ambient RF sources like cell towers and use it to power devices like wireless sensors and RFID tags as an alternative to batteries. Conversion efficiencies as high as 90.6% have been achieved using gallium arsenide diodes. Applications of rectennas include powering RFID tags, wireless sensors, helicopters, and transmitting power from solar satellites to the ground.

Uploaded by

Rajesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Rectenna design

Presented by
Rajesh Kumar Mahli

Introduction
Rectenna

= rectifying circuit + antenna.


It is an antenna that captures and converts
RF or microwave power to dc power.
Types of antenna which are used in rectenna:

Yogi-uda
Microstrip
Monopole
Coplanar patch
Spiral

Continue
Rectifying

In

circuits:-

Single shunt full wave rectifier


Full wave bridge rectifier
Hybrid rectifier

rectifying circuits, mainly diode determines


the RF-DC conversion efficiency.
Diode rectifies RF current in the antenna by
the microwave to produce dc voltage.

Continue..
Shottky

diode are generally used because:-

Lowest voltage drop


Highest speed
Therefore waste low amount power to conduction
and switching.

Motivation:

Energy harvesting is a very important issue towards


the green technology.
Electromagnetic energy which radiates from various
sources like:

Broadcasting radio
TV stations
Mobile telephony base station
Wireless network

Capturing this electromagnetic energy and


converting it to DC power.
This harvested energy can be used to power
wireless sensors and RFID tags.

Continue.
The

use of battery to power devices has


many disadvantages :

Lifetime of the battery is very limited, even for low


power battery requiring impractical periodical
battery replacement
Deposition of battery creates environment
pollution.

Being

green is becoming a big requirement


in these days.

History: The

concept of wireless transmission of


electrical energy was demonstrate by Nikola
Tesla.
And described several way of transmitting
electrical disturbances through natural media.
Heinritch Hertz investigated the Teslas
theory and he has described that

Wireless transmission of energy


Storage of the energy in a capacitor
Energy management over time

Continue

Tesla did transmit power from the oscillator which is


operated up to 100 MW at 150 kHz and the
wavelength is 21 km.
He failed because transmitted power was diffused
to all direction.
In 1930s, high power microwaves (1-10 GHz) was
achieved by invention of the Magnetron and
Klystron
After world war 2 high efficiency microwave tube is
advanced by development of radar technology.

Continue
In

1950s, rectification of microwave signal for


supplying dc power through wireless
transmission was proposed by B.C. Brown.
Conceived at Raytheon, first rectenna was
developed
In which the following components was
present:

Dipole antenna with balance bridge or


semiconductor diode
The output of the rectenna element is connected
to a resistive load.

Continue..

2.45 GHz - transmitting frequency


Minimal attenuation through atmosphere (even in
heavy rain)

In 1968, P.E. Glaser proposed a solar power


satellite(PSP).
A gigantic satellite designed as an electric
power plant orbiting in the Geostationary
Earth Orbit (GEO)

Conversion efficiency:

It is determined by the amount of microwave


power that is converted into dc power supply by a
rectenna element.
In 1977, the greatest conversion efficiency ever
recorded by a rectenna element by Brown in
Raytheon.
Company using:

GaAsPt shottky barrier diode


90.6 % conversion efficiency was recorded
Input microwave power level was 8W

Application : To

power RFID tags(1980,first application in


world)
To power wireless sensor
Helicopter powering
Solar-powered satellite to ground power
transmission
Actuating smart pipeline robot

Low power energy harvesting: Non-conventional

energy sources:

Windmill
Watermill
Solar energy
Biomass energy
Geothermal
Nuclear
Ocean (tidal, wave, ocean thermal energy)

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