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    Emotions

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    helperforeu
    1. Emotions are intense feelings directed at someone or something, while moods are less intense feelings that are not usually directed at a specific person or event. 2. There are six universal emotions - anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, and surprise - and emotions can influence moods and vice versa. 3. Emotions are important for rational thinking and decision making when both thinking and feeling are employed. They also serve evolutionary purposes like motivating survival behaviors.

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    Emotions

    Uploaded by

    helperforeu
    2K views26 pages
    1. Emotions are intense feelings directed at someone or something, while moods are less intense feelings that are not usually directed at a specific person or event. 2. There are six universal emotions - anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, and surprise - and emotions can influence moods and vice versa. 3. Emotions are important for rational thinking and decision making when both thinking and feeling are employed. They also serve evolutionary purposes like motivating survival behaviors.

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    1. Emotions are intense feelings directed at someone or something, while moods are less intense feelings that are not usually directed at a specific person or event. 2. There are six universal emotions - anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, and surprise - and emotions can influence moods and vice versa. 3. Emotions are important for rational thinking and decision making when both thinking and feeling are employed. They also serve evolutionary purposes like motivating survival behaviors.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views26 pages

    Emotions

    Uploaded by

    helperforeu
    1. Emotions are intense feelings directed at someone or something, while moods are less intense feelings that are not usually directed at a specific person or event. 2. There are six universal emotions - anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, and surprise - and emotions can influence moods and vice versa. 3. Emotions are important for rational thinking and decision making when both thinking and feeling are employed. They also serve evolutionary purposes like motivating survival behaviors.

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    EMOTIONS

    INTENSE FEELINGS THAT ARE


    DIRECTED AT SOMEONE OR
    SOMETHING
    • Myth of Rationality:
    - Scientific Management
    ..to create organizations that were
    Emotion-Free
    • Emotions are Disruptive
    • AFFECT: covers broad range of Feelings that comprises both
    Emotions and Moods
    • MOODS:
    ….Feelings that tend to be less Intense than
    Emotions and that often Contextual Stimulus.
    Mood relatively sustain/remains little longer than Emotion which
    might affect for a while only.
    EMOTIONS and MOODS
    • Emotions are
    Reactions to a Person:
    Reactions to an Event:

    • Moods are NOT usually DIRECTED


    at a Person or Event
    But Emotions can turn into Moods
    when you LOSE FOCUS on
    the Person, Event or Object
    that started the Feeling.
    EMOTIONS and MOODS
    • Unlike Moods, Emotions tend to be more
    clearly Revealed with
    Facial Expressions ??????

    • Emotions are more Action-Oriented


    thus we might take immediate Action

    • Moods are more Cognitive- cause us to Think

    • Emotions and Moods can mutually Influence


    each other. How??????
    BASIC SET OF EMOTIONS
    • Six universal Emotions:
    Anger, Fear, Sadness, Happiness,
    Disgust, Surprise
    Other emotions are part of these major
    categories of Emotions
    • Continuum:
    Happiness—Surprise—Fear—
    --Sadness—Anger--Disgust
    • Philosopher Rene Decartes identified Six
    Passions:
    Wonder, Love, Hatred, Desire, Joy,
    Sadness
    SOME ASPECTS OF
    EMOTIONS
    1. THE BIOLOGY OF EMOTIONS

    - Emotions originate in the Brain's


    Limbic system

    - People tend to be in Happy state when


    Limbic system is relatively INACTIVE
    e.g., the negative emotions- Anger or
    Guilt Dominate over Positive emotions-
    Joy or Happiness.
    Some Aspects of Emotions
    • Moderately Depressed people have more Active Limbic
    System
    • Women tend to have more Active Limbic systems than
    Men

    2. INTENSITY
    • People Vary in their Inherent Ability to EXPRESS
    EMOTIONAL INTENSITY
    • Some people never show their feelings
    others seem to be always in emotional state

    • Jobs make Different Demands on our Emotions e.g.,


    Surgeon, Judge, Announcers at Sporting Events,
    Lawyers
    Some Aspects of Emotions
    3. FREQUENCY and DURATION

    Whether an employee can successfully meet the emotional


    demands of a given job depend on;

    • What Emotions need to be displayed


    and their

    • Intensity
    and also

    • How Frequently and


    How Long they are needed to make an
    Effort.
    Emotions and
    RATIONALITY
    • Are Rationality and Emotions in Conflict
    with one another
    • One perspective suggest that demonstration
    of emotions is likely to make us seem
    WEAK, BRITTLE, and IRRATIONAL.
    • But research Disagrees and endorses that
    Emotions are actually CRITICAL to
    Rational Thinking
    Emotions and
    RATIONALITY
    • Thus we must have the ability to experience
    emotions to be Rational.

    • Example: Phineas Gage- railroad worker-


    Due to an Accident suffered brain injury and
    - Lost his ability to experience Emotions but
    performed well on Cognitive Ability tests

    – But with the passage of time he lost his


    ability to reason
    Emotions and
    RATIONALITY
    - Thus the key to decision making is to
    employ both
    Thinking and Feeling in one’s
    decision.
    Functions of Emotions
    • Charles Darwin- “ The expression of the
    Emotions in Man and Animals”.

    • He said that Emotions are Useful because they


    motivate people to engage in actions important
    for Survival, e.g.,

    -Disgust motivates us to avoid dangerous


    or harmful things, such as rotten food
    -Excitement motivates us to take on
    situations in which we require energy
    and initiative- taking a new career
    EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY

    • Emotions exist in people because they have useful purpose

    • Jealousy; mates may feel it to increase the chance that their


    genes pass on the next generation
    • ANGER- a person showing anger when he is cheated serves warning for
    others not to repeat the same behavior

    • Boss’ s. harassment to his secretary- her anger made her sue


    him and won million dollars

    • But it is hard to know whether this perspective is Valid for all


    the time
    MOODS: POSITIVE and
    NEGATIVE
    • Emotions can not be Neutral.
    Being neutral is being nonemotional

    • When we group emotions into positive and negative Categories,


    they become MOOD STATES because we are now looking at
    them more Generally.

    • POSITIVE MOOD
    a mood dimension consisting of Positive Emotions such as
    Excitement, Cheerfulness at High End and Boredom, Tiredness
    at Low End

    • NEGATIVE MOOD
    It consists Nervousness, Stress, Anxiety at higher end and
    Relaxation, Tranquility at the Low End
    • Positive and Negative Mood Affect our Perceptions and
    Perception affect the Behavior
    e.g., an unhappy flight attendant….

    • People think five times more about the events that created the
    strong negative emotions than the positive one’s.

    • Positivity Offset: at zero input- when nothing in particular is


    going on most individuals experience a mildly positive mood
    - so for most people positive moods are
    more common than negative moods
    Sources of Moods
    • PERSONALITY:
    Personality predisposes people to experience
    certain moods and emotions
    - Some people feel guilt and anger more
    readily than others do.
    - Some people may feel Calm and Relaxed no
    matter whatever the situation is.
    - Microsoft CEO Bill Gates is known for his
    relatively distant, unemotional, analytical
    nature. He rarely displays Anger.

    • Emotions differ in their Intensity, but people also


    differ in how predisposed they are to experience
    emotions intensely.
    Sources of Moods
    Day of the week and Time of the Day

    • People tend to be in worst moods( Highest negative


    mood and Lowest positive mood) early in the
    weekdays and
    in their best moods (…………………) late in the
    week, especially on the weekends.

    • People are generally in low spirits early in the


    morning. During the course of the day our moods
    tend to improve and then decline in the evening.
    - levels of positive mood tend to peak around the
    halfway point between Waking and Sleeping
    Sources of Moods
    • WHETHER:
    Evidence suggests that whether has
    little effect on mood
    - Illusory Correlation

    • STRESS:
    Stress affects emotions and moods.

    • SOCIAL ACTIVITIES:
    They increase positive mood and have
    little effect on negative mood
    -They also have Long-term health benefits
    Sources of Moods
    • SLEEP:
    Sleep quality affects mood.
    Less and Poor Sleep quality, puts people
    in a bad mood is because it impairs
    decision making and makes it difficult to
    control emotions.

    -It also impairs people’s job satisfaction


    the next day mostly because people feel
    FATIGUED, IRRITABLE and Less Alert.
    Sources of Moods
    • EXERCISE:
    Exercise enhances people’s positive mood.
    • AGE:
    Emotional experience tends to improve with Age so
    that as we get older, we experience fewer negative
    emotions
    • GENDER:
    Women show greater emotional expression than men and
    experience emotions more intensely.
    -Women are better at reading nonverbal cues than
    the men.

    -Men and Women are Socialized in different ways


    -Women have innate ability to read others and
    present their emotions than do men Because
    Women have a greater need for social approval
    EXTERNAL CONSTRAINTS ON
    EMOTIONS
    • Every organization defines boundaries
    that identify which emotions are
    acceptable and the degree to which
    employees may express them.

    • Cultures also set boundaries on the


    expression of emotions
    EXTERNAL CONSTRAINTS ON
    EMOTIONS
    1. Organizational Influences

    There is no single emotional “set” that all


    organizations worldwide seek in their employees.

    - In developed countries-
    “bias against intense emotions”
    -- both negative and positive intense
    emotions are unacceptable with the
    exception of special occasions
    EXTERNAL CONSTRAINTS ON
    EMOTIONS
    2. Cultural Influences:
    In different cultures the Frequency of
    experiencing emotions and their Intensity Vary
    to some degree.

    Interpretation of Emotions by the people all over


    the world is done in the Same way.
    However there are cultures where certain
    emotions value more than others.
    Norms for expression of emotions Differ across
    cultures. E.g., Muslim women smile at men….
    EMOTIONAL LABOR
    It is an employee’s expression of organizationally
    Desired emotions during Interpersonal Transactions at
    work.
    Felt Emotions: an Individual’s actual
    emotions

    Displayed Emotions: those emotions that the


    organization Requires workers to show and considers
    appropriate in a given job.
    EMOTIONAL LABOR
    • SURFACE ACTING
    Displaying fake emotions requires us to
    Suppress the emotions we really Feel.
    The individual has to “ACT” to keep her/his
    job.

    • DEEP ACTING
    Trying to modify one’s true inner feelings.
    • Surface Acting deals with one’s Displayed
    emotions and Deep Acting deals with one’s
    Felt emotions.
    EMOTIONAL LABOR
    • REWARDS ON EMOTIONALLY
    DEMANDING JOBS V/S
    COGNITIVE DEMANDING JOBS

    - Emotionally demanding jobs are only


    rewarded well when they are already
    Cognitive demanding,
    e.g., the job of a Lawyer

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