DESIGN OF SOLAR SYSTEM
FOR A RURAL TELECOM
TOWER
AUTHORS:
NITIN BANSAL
PAWAN KUMAR
VISHAL DALAL
PRASHANT BHARDWAJ
KUSHAGRA
BHARADWAJ
INTRODUCTION
Solar power system is renewable energy system.
Uses PV modules to convert sunlight into electricity.
Based on photovoltaic effect principle.
Reduces fossil fuel dependency.
Environmental friendly.
Reliable and clock round telecommunication services
even in remote areas.
Design of solar system for rural telecom tower has two
important parts:
1) Component selection.
2) Module Mounting structure.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
COMPONENT SELECTION
OBJECTIVES:
To design a solar Photo Voltaic panel system for
constant BTS load of I kW.
To utilize PV module effectively .
Sizing battery and required charge controller for
optimum operation of system.
ASSUMPTIONS:
Average Insolation hours in India: 6 hours.
Battery losses neglected.
Cable copper losses neglected
MODULE AND POWER REQUIREMENT
Module type CSUN250-60P
Cells 6 10 pieces polycrystalline solar cells
series strings (156 mm 156 mm)
Maximum Power - Pmpp (W) 250
Positive power tolerance 0-3%
Open Circuit Voltage - Voc (V) 37.3
Short Circuit Current - Isc (A) 8.81
Maximum Power Voltage - Vmpp (V) 29.9
Maximum Power Current - Impp (A) 8.36
Practical module efficiency 17.12
Module efficiency 15.40
Total weight 18.3/19.1 kg
Dimensions 1640 990 35/40 mm (LWH)
Number of strings 6
DC Power 1000W
System Voltage -48VDC
Running Hour 24hrs/day
Electrical characteristics at Standard Test Conditions (STC)
BTS Power requirement:
Sizing of Battery
Provided Data:
1) Load=1kW
2) Running Hours=24hrs
3) Load in kWh=24kWh;
4) System Voltage=48V
Power=Voltage*Current
I=500Ah
Size of battery is 48V 500Ah
Type LiFePo4 battery
Model HP-LX-300AH
Voltage 3.2V
Capacity 300Ah
No. of series 15
No. of parallel 2
Quantity of
battery
30
Total capacity 48V 600Ah
Dimensions 284 * 72 * 298
mm
Weight 9.3 kg
Depth of
discharge
0.95
Why prefer LFP over VRLA
battery?
Item
LFP Battery
VRLA Battery
Comparison
Dimensions
540220365
mm(LWH)
550440270
mm(LWH)
LFP Battery is
65% of VRLA
Battery in
volume
Weight
70kg
VRLA Battery
LFP Battery is
less than 50%
of VRLA
Battery in
weight
LFP battery cyclic curve in 25 VRLA Battery cyclic curve in 25
LFP battery cyclic curve in 45
VRLA Battery cyclic curve in 45
CHARGE CONTROLLER
UNIT
To operate effectively battery should be charged
completely during the day hour.
Current required by battery to charge in 6 hours
=500/6=83.33A
Therefore, Rating of Charge Controller is 48V 84A
Model no. WMP4809A
Nominal battery voltage 12V, 24V, 36V or 48V (auto
selects)
Handles panels up to 4500W (48V system)
Max panel voltage 120V
Max continues battery charging
current
91A (electronically limited)
Charging (3-stages) Bulk, Absorb & Equalize
Log history last 31 days (saves: kWh, run
time and max pv watts)
Totals counter days & kWh
Arrangement Of Modules
Max panel input voltage of charge controller =120v
Open circuit voltage of a modules = 37.3
No of modules per string =120/37.3=3.2
Which are 3 modules per string.
Max power voltage (Vmpp)=29.9volt
Max power voltage per string is 29.9*3=89.7volt
For optimum performance of charge controller
operational voltage is 90volt.
Fuse rating per string iv 20 amp
For the safety of modules a fuse of rating 20 amp
is connected in each string.
MODULE MOUNDING
STRUCTURE:
DESIGN OBJECTIVE:
The module mounting structure must have following
characteristics:
Able to sustain loads acting:
1)Panel and its own weight.
2)Drag force
3)Lift/ down force
Properly triangulated for better load dissipation
Maximum stiffness/ mass ratio
Easy to install and transport
Theft proof
Minimum manufacturing and installation cost
DESIGN APPROACH
Calculation Of loads
Preliminary Design (Using Triangulation)
Finite Element Analysis
Interpretation and optimization of results
Revised Design
Verification using FEA
MATERIAL AND LOAD
CALCULATIONS
MATERIAL : Mild Steel hot dip galavanised.
LOADS:
WEIGHTS:
1) Panel= mass*g = 340*9.81= 3335.4 N
2) Mounting= mass*g = 293*9.81= 2784.33 N
AERODYNAMIC LOADS:
1) Drag Force= * *v
2
*Cd*A = 2784.33 N
2) Lift Force = * *v
2
*C
L
*A = 108.3 N
PROPERTY VALUE
Density 7870 kg/m3
Strength 356.9 MPa
Youngs Modulus 203 GPa
PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND
ANALYSIS:
Preliminary space frame design constructed using
triangulation.
Each member bolted
to each other for ease
of installation
and transportation.
FEA using ANSYS
Workbench.
Identification of
highly stressed
member.
Proposal Of
corrective measures.
BOLT PROPS. VALUE
MATERIAL Alloy steel
BOLT DIAMETER 10mm
THREAD PITCH 1mm
FINAL DESIGN:
Optimized design for
better load path.
FOS of 2.10.
Adjustable tilt angle
Tilt angles considered,
summer angle = 2.3 deg
winter angle = 41.1 deg
fixe
d
Adj. 2
season
Adj. 4
season
%
optimum
71.1 75.2 75.7
FINAL COST REPORT
Equipment No . Cost (Rs)
Charge controller 4 34000*4 = 136000/-
Battery 30 30000*18 = 540000/-
Cables 1 = 1500/-
ACDG 1
= 15,000/-
SMPS 1
= 36,000/-
PMU (automatic phase
selector)
1
= 50,000/-
I section (9m) 1 = 2000
L section (50m) 1 = 15000
Circular section (m) 1 = 2000
Bearing 2 500*2 = 1000
TOTAL Rs. 7,98,500/-
REFERENCES
Analysis Of Solar Panel support structure by
1A. Mihailidis, 1K. Panagiotidis, 1K. Agouridas.
[Link]
Design and Implementation of a Solar Power
System in Rural Haiti by Shaheer M. Hussam
[Link]
[Link]
