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Enteral Nutrition Methods and Techniques

The document discusses enteral nutrition, which is an alternative feeding method that involves delivering nutrition directly into the gastrointestinal tract via a tube, such as a nasogastric tube, nasoenteric tube, or tubes placed through procedures like percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy. It provides details on different tube types, how to confirm proper tube placement, enteral feeding administration methods, and potential complications to observe for like diarrhea. The goal of enteral nutrition is to provide nutrition to patients who are unable to eat normally.

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372 views18 pages

Enteral Nutrition Methods and Techniques

The document discusses enteral nutrition, which is an alternative feeding method that involves delivering nutrition directly into the gastrointestinal tract via a tube, such as a nasogastric tube, nasoenteric tube, or tubes placed through procedures like percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy. It provides details on different tube types, how to confirm proper tube placement, enteral feeding administration methods, and potential complications to observe for like diarrhea. The goal of enteral nutrition is to provide nutrition to patients who are unable to eat normally.

Uploaded by

twy113
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Enteral Nutrition

Ella YU
Enteral Nutrition
 An alternative feeding method
 Enteral nutrition (EN)

 Total enteral nutrition (TEN)

 Nasogastric tube

 Nasoenteric tube

 Gastrostomy

 Jejunostomy
Nasogastric tube
Nasogastric tube
Nasogastric tube
 One of the
nostrils→
nasopharynx
tract→ alimentary
tract
 How about through
the mouth and
pharynx?
Nasogastric tube
 Traditional large-bore nasogastric tube
 Larger than 12 Fr in diameter, firm
 E.g. Levin tube, single lumen
 E.g. Salem sump tube, double lumen
 Will cause pharyngitis, tracheal-oesophageal erosion
 Advantage: easy to aspirate the gastric content,
↓aspiration
 Small- bore tube
 Smaller than 12 Fr in diameter, softer
 More flexible,less irritating
 Need to check the correct placement as migrate easily
 Fr Unit (French unit)
A unit for denoting the size of catheter
or other tubular instruments, each unit
being roughly equivalent to 0.3mm in
diameter
 18French (Fr) indicates a diameter of
6mm
What does it for?

Levin tube

Salem sump tube


•It acts as a air vent
•To prevent build up of
suction pressure in the tube
•To avoid damage to
gastric mucosa

Levin tube

Salem sump tube


Nasogastric tube
 For clients who have intact gag and cough
reflexes
 To provide nutrition
 To prevent nausea, vomiting and gastric
distention following surgery
 To remove stomach contents for laboratory
analysis
 To lavage (wash) the stomach in cases of
poisoning or overdose of medications
Nasoenteric tube
 A longer tube (at least 40 inches for an adult)
 Nostril to upper small intestine
 Requires special trained nurses or physicians for this
procedure
 For client who are at risks for aspiration
 Decreased level of consciouness
 Poor cough or gag reflexes
 Endotracheal intubation
 Recent extubation
 Inability to cooperate with the procedure
 Restlessness or agitation
How to confirm the tube is
in-situ?
 Aspiration of visually recognizable
gastrointestinal secretion
 Auscultation of air insufflated through the
tube
 pH testing of aspirates
 Observing for coughing and choking
 Testing the ability to speak
 Observing for bubbling when the tip of the
tube is held under water
 X-ray
Percutaneous endoscopic
gastrostomy(PEG)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)


A technique for the endoscopic insertion of a gastrostomy feeding tube, for the
purpose of providing enteral feeding
Percutaneous endoscopic
gastrostomy(PEG

Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ)


•A technique for the endoscopic insertion of a feeding tube through a PEG
Tubing and into jejunum, for the purpose of providing enteral feeding
(Kozier)
Enteral feeding
 Intermittent feeding
 300-500ml *several times for day
 Administer at least 30 minutes
 Continuous feeding
 24 hours feeding with infusion pump
 Cyclic feeding
 E.g12-16 hours
 Nocturnal feeding
Enteral feeding
 Types of enteral formulas
 Majority are lactose-free→ why???
• E.g Isocal, Ensure, Resource
 Also have lactose containing
• Carnation instant breakfast
• Must be refrigerated once mixed- avoid bacteria
contamination
• Restricted in the lactose intolerance patient
 Disease-specific
• Hepatic failure (hepatic aid)
• Renal failure (Amin Aid)
• Glucose intolerance (Glucerna)
 Observe the client with the enteral
feeding with the complication of the
diarrhoea
 Perianal excoriation
 Dehydration
 Electrolytes imbalance
 Muscle cramping
 Cardiac dysrhythmias
 In the laboratory, you will learn about
the cares of
 the insertion and removal of the
nasogastric tube
 The administration of the enteral
feeding

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