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    Heating Value

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    Ampornchai Phupol
    The document discusses dry versus saturated heating values of natural gas. It explains that natural gas is usually measured in volumes (Mcf) but valued based on energy content (MMBtu). A dry heating value assumes no water vapor is present, while a saturated value assumes maximum water content. For royalty calculations, regulations require consistent treatment of volumes and heating values - both should be reported on a dry or actual (measured water) basis to align with how volumes are typically measured dry.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Heating Value

    Uploaded by

    Ampornchai Phupol
    186 views10 pages
    The document discusses dry versus saturated heating values of natural gas. It explains that natural gas is usually measured in volumes (Mcf) but valued based on energy content (MMBtu). A dry heating value assumes no water vapor is present, while a saturated value assumes maximum water content. For royalty calculations, regulations require consistent treatment of volumes and heating values - both should be reported on a dry or actual (measured water) basis to align with how volumes are typically measured dry.

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    Heating Value

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    The document discusses dry versus saturated heating values of natural gas. It explains that natural gas is usually measured in volumes (Mcf) but valued based on energy content (MMBtu). A dry heating value assumes no water vapor is present, while a saturated value assumes maximum water content. For royalty calculations, regulations require consistent treatment of volumes and heating values - both should be reported on a dry or actual (measured water) basis to align with how volumes are typically measured dry.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    186 views10 pages

    Heating Value

    Uploaded by

    Ampornchai Phupol
    The document discusses dry versus saturated heating values of natural gas. It explains that natural gas is usually measured in volumes (Mcf) but valued based on energy content (MMBtu). A dry heating value assumes no water vapor is present, while a saturated value assumes maximum water content. For royalty calculations, regulations require consistent treatment of volumes and heating values - both should be reported on a dry or actual (measured water) basis to align with how volumes are typically measured dry.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Heating Value (Dry vs.

    Saturated)
    What Heating Value do I Use?

    Heating Value (Dry vs. Saturated)


    The relationship between heating value and the physical
    measurement of natural gas impacts the verification of product values used in calculating royalties.

    Natural gas is the only commodity that is valued on a different


    unit basis than it is measured.
    Measured in Mcf Valued in $/MMBtu

    A conversion must be applied at standard conditions of 14.73


    psia and 60 degree F.

    Heating Value (Dry vs. Saturated)


    In addition to pressure and temperature, the
    measurement of natural gas is affected by the presence of non-hydrocarbon contaminants such as:
    Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Water vapor

    Just to name a few. Our focus for this talk is on water vapor.

    Heating Value (Dry vs. Saturated)


    Definition of Saturated Gas contaminated with

    significant amounts of water vapor. Dehydrated gas Gas with very small amounts of water vapor. The amount of water vapor that can be contained in 1MMcf at standard conditions is:
    820 pounds of water 1.74% of total volume Fully saturated

    Heating Value (Dry vs. Saturated)


    Most sales contracts require that water vapor be removed from

    the natural gas to prevent the formation of hydrates in the pipeline. Gas thus treated is called dehydrated gas. At standard conditions, dehydrated gas is defined to be :
    No more than 7 lbs of water per 1MMcf No more than 0.015% of the total volume Considered dry

    Commercial dehydration involves various mechanical and


    chemical processes that are performed after the ordinary separation at the wellhead. Dehydration removes approximately 99% of any water vapor that is present in the gas.

    Heating Value (Dry vs. Saturated)


    The heating value of a gas can be described three
    different ways depending on the amount of water vapor present or assumed to be present in a sample:
    Dry Wet or saturated Real or actual

    In the vast majority of cases, the actual water vapor


    content of a gas is not determined through analysis; therefore, the amount of water vapor that exists in the sample must be assumed.

    Heating Value (Dry vs. Saturated)


    The heating value is on a dry basis if it is assumed the gas

    sample contains no water vapor. If it is assumed that the sample is saturated with water vapor, the heating value is on a wet or saturated basis. Heating value reported on a wet basis is about 98.3 percent of the heating value on a dry basis. In rare instances where the water vapor content of the gas sample is determined through analysis, no assumptions regarding water vapor content are needed. The heating value is based on the actual amount of water vapor that is detected. This is called a real or actual heating value.

    Heating Value (Dry vs. Saturated)


    BLM policy is that when verifying the heating value reported
    on OGOR-B, the dry reporting basis from the gas analysis must be used unless the water vapor content was determined as part of the analysis, in which case the heating value will be used. The BOEMRE regulation at 30 CFR 202.152(a)(1)(i) state:
    Report gas volumes and British thermal unit (Btu) heating values, if applicable, under the same degree of water saturation.

    BLM has interpreted this to mean a dry or real reporting basis


    and here is why.

    Heating Value (Dry vs. Saturated)


    In order to determine gas volumes, the relative

    density of the gas must be known. The relative density is determined from the same gas analysis that are used to determine heating value. Because water vapor cannot be detected by most gas chromatographs, the vast majority of gas analysis do not include water vapor as a constituent. While adjustments to the heating value of the gas can be made based on assumptions of water saturation, relative density is rarely adjusted to account for the water vapor.

    Heating Value (Dry vs. Saturated)


    In essence, the relative density used to determine

    volume is almost always on a dry basis because water vapor is excluded from the calculation. The dry relative density is included in the calculations to determine gas flow rate and gas volume; therefore, the volume is ultimately determined on a dry basis. According to the BOEMRE regulations cited above, if volume is reported on a dry basis, heating values must also be reported on a dry basis.

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