Submitted to:Mr. Javed shekh (Lect.of ECE Dept.
Submitted by:Rakesh singh jat 09EVVEC042
Introduction of stealth technology
Stealth technology also known as LO technology.
Which Cover A Range Of Techniques Used With Personnel, Aircraft, Ships, Submarines, And Missiles, To Make Them Less Visible (Ideally Invisible) To Radar, Sonar And Other Detection Methods. A modern "stealth" vehicle will generally have been designed from the outset to have reduced or controlled signature.
STEALTH PRINCIPLES
Stealth technology (or LO for "low observe ability") is not a single technology but It is a combination of technologies as below Radar cross section reductions Acoustics Visibility Reducing radio frequency emissions
RADAR CROSS-SECTION REDUCTIONS
Almost since the invention of radar, various techniques have been tried to minimize detection. Some of the techniques used for this purpose are: 1. vehicle shape 2. non-metallic airframe 3. radar absorbing material
Vehicle shape
1. Behind the skin of some aircraft are structures known as re-entrant triangles. Radar waves penetrating the skin of the aircraft get trapped in these structures, bouncing off the internal faces and losing energy
2. Plan form alignment is also often used in stealth designs which returns a radar signal in a direction
away from the radar emitter
Shape of a stealth aircraft
NON-METALLIC AIRFRAME
Dielectric composites are more transparent to radar, where as electrically conductive materials such as metals and carbon fibers reflect electromagnetic energy incident on the material's surface.
Composites may also contain ferrites to optimize the dielectric and magnetic properties of the material for its application.
RADAR ABSORBING MATERIAL
Radar-absorb Radar-absorbent material (RAM), often as paints, are used especially on the edges of metal surfaces. While the material and thickness of RAM coatings is classified, the material seeks to absorb radiated energy from a ground or air based radar station into the coating and convert it to heat rather than reflect it back. iiIrball paint, ferrite in polymer matrix used.
Iron ball paint, ferrite in polymer matrix used.
ACOUSTICS
Acoustic stealth plays a primary role in submarine stealth as well as for ground vehicles. Submarines have extensive usage of rubber mountings to isolate and avoid mechanical noises that could reveal locations to underwater passive sonar arrays. Early stealth observation aircraft used slow-turning propellers to avoid being heard by enemy troops below. Stealth aircraft that stay subsonic can avoid being tracked by sonic boom
ENGINES OF THE AIRCRAFT ARE COVERED
VISIBILITY
The simplest stealth technology is simply camouflage; the use of paint or other materials to color and break up the lines of the vehicle or person. Most stealth aircraft use matte paint and dark colors, and operate only at night. in daylight, against the clear background of the sky, dark tones are easier to detect than light ones or as a sort of active camouflage.
STEALTH PLANE CAMOFLAUGED TO MATCH THE COLOUR OF SKY
INFRA-RED
An exhaust plume contributes a significant infrared signature. One means of reducing the IR signature is to have a non-circular tail pipe order to minimize the exhaust cross-sectional volume and maximize the mixing of the hot exhaust with cool ambient air. To achieve infrared stealth, the exhaust gas is cooled to the temperatures where the brightest wavelengths it radiates on are absorbed by atmospheric carbon dioxide and water vapor, dramatically reducing the infrared visibility of the exhaust plume. . Another way to reduce the exhaust temperature is to circulate coolant fluids such as fuel inside the exhaust pipe, where the fuel tanks serve as heat sinks cooled by the flow of air along the wings.
STEALTH AIRCRAFT WITHOUT EXHAUST
FUTURE OF STEALTH TECHNOLOGY
Stealth technology is clearly the future of air combat. In the future, as air defense systems grow more accurate and deadly, stealth technology will not only be incorporated in fighters and bombers but also in ships, helicopters, tanks and transport planes. Ever since the Wright brothers flew the first powered flight, the advancements in this particular field of technology has seen staggering heights. Stealth technology is just one of the advancements that we have seen. In due course of time we can see many improvements in the field of military aviation which would one-day even make stealth technology obsolete
Thank you
