1

CALORIMETRY CORRECTION:
Q = mc∆t⇒ ∆t = Q / mc = 660 / 100.0,022 = 300o C.
1) (UFSJ) A pot on a kitchen stove heats 250
grams of water from 15ºC to 20ºC in 25 seconds. Being In a Physics class, Professor Carlos Heitor
the specific heat of water is equal to 1.0 cal/gºC and present this experience to your students: two blocks -
Considering that 1 cal = 4J, it is CORRECT to state that the one made of aluminum and the other made of iron –, of the same mass and,
the thermal power used in this process is: initially, at room temperature, they receive the same
Watts. amount of heat, in a certain process of
5,000 Watts heating.
c) 2,000 Watts
200 Watts O specific heat of aluminum e o of iron are,
o
respectively, 0.90 J / (g °C) and 0.46 J / (goC). Questioned
CORRECTION: Again the concept of Power... In fact, not as for what would happen next, two of the students,
I understand the criterion: only 5 Physics questions, a huge Alexandre and Lorena each make a comment:
program, full of important concepts, and it repeats itself
charging of the same concept, even though now linked to • Alexandre: "At the end of this heating process, the
Thermodynamics. In relation to the previous one, the formula blocks will be at the same temperature.
classical involving specific heat, and again the care • Lorena: After this heating process, when one
placing the two blocks in contact will allow heat to flow from the block
with the units: Q= m.c.∆t .
from iron to the aluminum block.
Q = m.c.∆t where m is Mass (g), c Specific Heat
Considering this information, it is CORRECT to state that:
( cal ) e∆t = temperature variation (0C). We have already seen:
0
A) only Alexandre's comment is correct.
g. C B) only Lorena's comment is correct.
mc∆t . C) both comments are correct.
E
P= ⇒ P= D) neither of the two comments is correct.
t t
cal 0
250g.1 (20−15) C
0
mc∆t g C 1.250 cal 1.250 x 4 J CORRECTION: We have the concept of Specific Heat: it is a
P= = = = = 200W magnitude that measures the difficulty of heating (or cooling)
t 25s 25 seconds 25 seconds a substance. The higher the specific heat, the more difficult it is to
heat up.
OPTION: D.
For two blocks of the same mass, same initial temperature
2) (UFVJM) A bar of iron with mass M receives a and receiving the same amount of heat, it heats up more the
heating of x cal and its temperature varies by y ºC of lesser specific heat, Iron in this case. The formula also
for z °C. Considering this information, é Q In it we see that the variation of
It is correct to state that the ratio between capacity show this: ∆T=
m.c
thermal and the specific heat of iron, in this order, is
temperature∆T is inversely proportional to the specific heat
equal to:
c. If the iron gets hotter, it will be hotter, so it will flow.
M 1 heat from iron to aluminum, yes, as it occurs naturally.
A) B) C) M . (Z – Y) D) M
Heat transfers from the hotter to the colder.
(Z− Y ) M
200 g of a substance with a specific heat of 0.5
cal/gºC receives an amount of heat equivalent to
CORRECTION: Let’s divide one thing by another, knowing the 1000 calories. Calculate your temperature variation.∆T,
Formulas, for a change. Thermal Capacity: C= Q , where in °C.
∆t
∆t = t - t0 Specific Heat: Q So... Q .
c= C
a) 5 10 20 d) 40
m∆t = ∆t =m
c Q
m∆t Q
Q= mc∆T⇒ ∆T=
CORRECTION: ⇒ OPTION: B.
mc
A block of copper weighing 3.0 kg needs more 10 00
∆T = = 10ºC
heat to be heated that an identical block of 1.0 kg, 1
2 00
in the same temperature range. It is stated that: 2
a) The area of the first block is larger, dissipating heat more. 7) Deserts are regions that present large
quickly. temperature variations. The sun is scorching during the
The first block has greater thermal capacity. It's day, but it's cold at night! The best explanation for this
c) The first block has a higher specific heat. the fact is that:
The thermal conductivity of the second block is lower.
a) the thermal capacity of sand is high.
CORRECTION: THERMAL CAPACITY measures the ease or The thermal conductivity of desert air is low.
difficulty in heating or cooling a body. How c) the humidity of the desert is almost null.
the first block was more difficult to heat up, so much that d) sand is a substance with low specific heat.
needed more heat, has a greater thermal capacity.
As for the specific heat, for both, it is equal, as they are made of
of the same substance: copper. OPTION: B CORRECTION: The sand, present in the deserts, heats up easily.
day. We often notice this on the beach: in the morning
4) If the specific heat of aluminum is equal to 0.022 cal It's already warm! But at night, it also gets very cold easily!
Calculate the temperature variation of a block Due to its low specific heat
100 g of aluminum receives 660 cal of heat.
2
8) Calculate the specific heat of a substance knowing a) The heat released by the mass of zinc during cooling of C
That 200 g raises its temperature by 21 ºC. paraAé 2330cal.
to 81 ºC upon receiving 4.8 kcal of thermal energy. b) The specific heat of zinc in solid state is valec Zn
= 0.093 cal/gºC.
CORRECTION:∆T = 81 - 21 = 60 ºC. Calculating: c) The latent heat of fusion of zinc is of L Zn= 1400cal/g.
2
4 d) The melting point of zinc isθ F= 419ºC.
Q 48 00 cal .
Q= mc∆T⇒ c = = = 0.4
m∆T2 00. 6 0 °C CORRECTION: The whole question involves CALORIMETRY.
5
From the graph, we see that Zinc, solid, melts,
Certain amount of ice, initially at -20 °C, characterized by the level at which the temperature remains
is heated until it is completely converted into steam, the constant.
120ºC. The variation of temperature as a function of heat
absorbed during this process is represented a) RIGHT. Analyzing the graph in reverse, from C to A, the
in this graph: Zinco should lose 2330 cal.
b)RIGHT. We see that, at the beginning of the graph, solid, Zinc
receives 930 cal and varies its temperature from 592 to 692
Kelvin. It's 100 g. Calculating:

Q 930 930 cal .

c= = = = 0.093
m.∆T100.(692 − 592) 1000 0 degrees Celsius

c) ERRADO! Por definição, calor latente de fusão é a

amount of heat required to melt
completely one gram of the substance in question.
Doing the math, noting that the heat supplied to 100 g
(2330-930) cal:
Q14 00 cal
LF= = = 14 .
For convenience, in this graph, the axis corresponding to m 100 g
absorbed heat is not on scale. Let Lf e Lvos
latent heat of, respectively, fusion and vaporization 1400 was the total amount of heat provided!
of water and cge cvthe specific heats, respectively,
of ice and vapor. Based on the information contained
d) RIGHT. Simple unit conversion. The temperature in
in this graph, it is CORRECT to state that:
Kelvin is equal to Celsius + 273.
A) LfLve cg cv. K= C+ 273⇒ C= K− 273= 692− 273= 419ºC
B) Lf> Lv e cg< c. v
C) Lf< Le
v cggeraetrthancv. OPTION: C.
D) Lf< Le
v cg< c. v
11) (UFMG) In a Physics Laboratory, one does a
CORRECTION: First of all, the mass, throughout the experiment, experience with two objects made of different materials
remained constant. As for the latent heats, – R and S –, but of the same mass, both, initially,
let's observe the graph: to melt the ice it took 1.6.10 in the solid state and at room temperature. In
3
heat and transfer all the water 1,1.104how it was spent subsequently, the two objects are heated and, then,
but in vaporization, we have Lf< L vOn the other hand, both the
the temperature of each of them is measured as a function of
ice as much as the vapor, as the graph shows, if they were heated to da quantidade de calor que lhes é fornecida. Os
same amount: 20 ºC. As the ice used more energy results obtained in this measurement are
(196>80) to heat the same amount, we notice that it is represented in this graph:
but it's harder to warm him up. Soon, cg> cvOPTION: C.

10)(UFOP) In the following graph, we see the temperature. θ (K)

of a mass m= 100 g of zinc, initially in
solid state, depending on the amount of heat
provided to her. Considering the information given,
mark the incorrect alternative.

BeLRtheSthe latent heat of fusion of materials R and S,

respectively, ecRecSthe specific heat of materials,
in the solid state, also respectively. Considering-
given this information, it is CORRECT to state that:
A)cR<cSeLR<LS .
B)cR<cSeLRLS.
C)cR>cStheR<LS.
D)cR>cS eLR>S.
3
CORRECTION: CALORIMETRY, exploring, as it is
UFMG likes the concepts of Specific Heat and Heat Qsubstance+ Qgas= 50,000calThat is:
Latent. The Specific Heat measures the ease or difficulty of
whether to heat up - or to cool down - any substance. How much
the higher the Specific Heat, the more heat will have to be spent - or msubstance c substance(50− tI) + mgasc gas(50− ti) = 50,000⇒
removed - to heat up - or cool down - the substance. In a 1000
graph, it becomes visible in the slope of the temperature versus 9 1
. 5 0 0 . 5 . ( 5 0 − ti) + . 5 0 0 . 1 , 5 . ( 5 0 − ti) = 50,000⇒
heat. It is good to keep in mind that the question states that the bodies 10 10
have the same mass.
45.(50− ti) +1.5.(50− ti) = 1000⇒
2250− 45ti+ 75−1.5t=
i 1000⇒

1325
46.5ti= 1325⇒ ti= = 28,5ºC
46.5

OPTION: A.

(FATEC) A bottle contains 20 g of water at 0 °C. In

inside it is placed an object of 50 g of aluminum
at 80 °C. The specific heats of water and aluminum
are respectively 1.0 cal/g°C and 0.10 cal/g°C.
Assuming there is no heat exchange with the flask and
Note that to reach the same temperature, it is necessary
provide more heat to R than to S. Therefore, cR>cS. R foimais
with the environment, the equilibrium temperature
hard to heat up! On the other hand, the so-called Heat this mixture will be:
Latent, in the case of fusion, is the heat necessary to melt.
melt, the substance. At first, it has no connection with Heat a) 60°C b) 16°C c) 40°C d) 32°C
Specific. We can also look directly at the graph.
CORRECTION: only internal heat exchanges occur. Thus, all
the heat that one loses is equal to what the other gains. As heat
what wins is positive and what loses is negative, the sum of the two
zero value. Writing:

Qwins+ Q lost= 0,Q= mc∆t⇒ m1c1∆t1+ m2 c2 ∆t2= 0⇒

m1c1 (tf− t1i) + m2 c2(tf− t2I) = 0⇒
5
1
20.1.(tf− 0) + 50. (tf− 80)= 0⇒
10
16
400
20.tf + 5tf− 400= 0⇒ t f= = 16ºC
25
We see that more heat was spent to melt substance S. OPTION: B.
What for R. Soon, LR <LSR forms are easy to merge!
OPTION: C.
14) Inside an ideal calorimeter, 200 g of
a substance with a specific heat capacity of 0.40 cal/gºC
12)(UFVJM) A porous body is made of a certain substance
at an initial temperature of 20 º C. Then it is mixed
which contains pores, in which bubbles are trapped 100 g of water (cH2O = 1.0 cal/gºC) at 80 ºC.
of a certain gas. The mass of the gas contained in the bubbles is
equal to 10% of the total body mass, which received
a) Calculate the equilibrium temperature reached.
an amount of energy in the form of heat equal to
50 kcal, reaching a final temperature of 50° C.
b) If a greater mass of the substance were added
Data: specific heat of the substance = 5 cal/g°C; with a specific heat equal to 0.40 cal/gºC, the temperature of
specific heat of the gas = 1.5 cal/g°C; total mass of the the equilibrium would increase, decrease, or remain the same
body = 500 grams. Knowing that, in the the same? JUSTIFY. Avoid being verbose: write succinctly.
initial and final temperatures, whole body, gas and clear, correct and brief.
substance, was in thermal equilibrium, MARK the
alternative that contains the correct temperature value
CORRECTION:
initial of this body.
a) This is a very traditional problem. How are they isolated
a)28,5º C. In the calorimeter, substances only exchange heat among themselves.
b)35,0° C. Also, like the heat that is positive and what
c)20,0º C. the outer negative surface, we can write:
d)25,0° C. Qwins+ Q lost= 0, Q=mc∆T⇒ m1c1∆T + m12 c2 ∆T= 02⇒
CORRECTION: Well, now we have CALORIMETRY, question in 4
2 00. .(TF− 20)+100.1.(T F− 80)= 0(x10)⇒
that two bodies are heated together. It is neither traditional nor 10
common, which makes it interesting. Note that, like the heat 160
480
the specific gas is lower, it heats up more easily than the
960
substance, and must then receive less heat to reach the 8TF−160+10TF− 800= 0⇒ 18TF= 960⇒ TF= = 53,3 ºC
equilibrium at 50º C, also because its mass is smaller. The 18
9
50 kcal received are distributed, not equally, among the body 3

and heat both until equilibrium. Equation

basic: Q = mc∆We have:
4
b) Adding more of the cooler substance, the CORRECTION: CALORIMETRY, exploring, as indeed the
equilibrium would give a lower temperature. UFMG loves both the concepts of Specific Heat and Heat
Latent. The Specific Heat measures the ease or difficulty of
whether to heat up – or to cool down – any substance. How much
1) (PUC-Camp) The physical state diagram for a certain the higher the Specific Heat, the more heat will have to be spent - or
substance is represented below. The change of removed – to warm up – or cool down – the substance. In a
The physical state known as sublimation can occur graph, it becomes visible in the slope of the temperature versus
heat. It's good to keep in mind that the question says that the bodies
they have the same mass. Let's check directly on the graph of
question.

a) only at point H.
b) only at point T. Note that to reach the same temperature, it is necessary
c) at points on the HT curve. provide more heat to R than to S. Therefore, cR>cS.
d) at points of the TR curve. R is difficult to heat up!
On the other hand, the so-called Latent Heat, in the case of diffusion, is
CORRECTION: Sublimation is the direct transition from the state
or the necessary heat to melt, fuse, the substance.
solid to gas or vice versa. See in the diagram: principle, has no relation to Specific Heat. Also
we can look directly at the graph.

Sublimation occurs along the HT curve. OPTION: C.

We see that more heat was required to melt substance S
In a Physics Laboratory, a than for R. Soon, LR<LSIt's easy to merge!
experience with two objects made of different materials OPTION: C.
– R and S –, but of the same mass, both, initially,
in the solid state and at room temperature. Then, (UFMG) Consider this information:
the two objects are heated and then their temperature is measured
temperature of each of them as a function of the quantity
• At very low temperatures, water is always in
of heat supplied to them. The results obtained solid phase;
this measurement is represented in this graph. • Increasing the pressure, the melting temperature of the
Let LR and LS be the latent heat of fusion of materials R and S.
water decreases.
S, respectively, and cR and cS the specific heat of
materials, in the solid state, respectively. Select the option in which the pressure phase diagram
Considering these information, it is CORRECT the temperature versus for water is in accordance with these
to assert that:
information.

A)cR<cSeLR<LS.
B)cR<cSTheRLS.
C)cR>cStheR<LS.
D)cRcSeLRLS.
5
CORRECTION: The diagram has already presented the physical states that each
part of the graph represents, which, by the way, would also be simple.
So, for those who had never seen him, the way would be to interpret.
the question.

The first comment says that water is always solid at low temperatures.
temperatures. The first two options are ruled out, which
show gaseous water at zero Kelvin (absolute).

The second comment can be seen in the graph: if the pressure

increases, for water, as I said, an exception, its
melting temperature decreases, when the norm would be to increase.
See the graph.

When the pressure increases from P1for P2the temperature of

fusion, transition from solid to liquid, temperature decreases1for T2.
OPTION: D.