ASSIGNMENT
ON
BLOOD
TRANSFUSION
Submitted to, Submitted by,
MADAM SANANDA CHATTERJEE BIDISHA KARMAKAR
SENIOR NURSING SUPERVISOR [Link] NURSING 1 ST YEAR
CUM ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
TATA MEDICAL CENTER TATA MEDICAL CENTER
Blood Transfusion Procedure-
Introduction:
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Blood transfusion is a critical therapeutic intervention used to restore blood volume, improve oxygen-
carrying capacity, correct coagulation deficiencies, and provide antibodies in various clinical situations
such as major surgeries, severe anemia, trauma, and hemophilia. For safe administration, it is essential that
nurses follow standardized protocols, ensuring patient safety, preventing transfusion reactions, and
maintaining meticulous documentation at all stages of the process. The following is a stepwise procedure
for pre-transfusion, intra-transfusion, and post-transfusion care.
Articles needed for Blood Transfusion
1. Blood Transfusion Set:
o Blood administration set with a drip chamber and filter.
2. IV Cannula / Catheter:
o Appropriate gauge (usually 18–20G for adult patients).
3. Syringes and Needles:
o 5 ml syringe for flushing the IV line.
o Sterile needles (if required for blood sampling or medication administration).
4. Alcohol Swabs:
o For skin antisepsis before cannula insertion and blood bag handling.
5. Gloves:
o Clean, sterile gloves for aseptic technique.
6. Gauze Pads and Low-Linting Gauze:
o For cleaning, securing IV lines, and managing minor bleeding.
7. Labels:
o For proper labeling of blood sample tubes and blood bags.
8. Consent Form: Requisition form will be sent early.
o Signed informed consent form.
o Written order for transfusion
o Crossmatching paper
o Blood requisition form for sample and blood product.
9. Sharps Container:
o For safe disposal of needles and sharps.
10. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
o Mask, apron, and eye protection (depending on hospital protocol).
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11. Patient Identification Band:
o Ensure correct identification of the patient.
12. Documentation Chart:
o Transfusion record sheet or electronic system for recording details.
13. Timer or Watch:
o To monitor transfusion rate and time intervals.
14. Emergency Equipment Nearby:
o Oxygen supply.
o Epinephrine, antihistamines, and corticosteroids for adverse reactions.
➤ Pre-Transfusion Procedure:
1. Doctor’s Order Verification:
o Confirm the doctor's order for the type and volume of blood product and any pre-transfusion
medications.
2. Informed Consent:
o Ensure the patient or guardian signs the informed consent form after explaining the purpose,
risks, and benefits of transfusion.
3. Patient Identification:
o Verify patient’s full name, medical record (MR) number, and identification band.
4. Blood Specimen Collection:
o Collect and accurately label the blood sample.
o Send it to the blood bank for cross-matching with requisition form.
5. Compatibility Check:
o Confirm ABO and Rh compatibility between patient and blood component.
6. Blood Bag Inspection:
o Check blood bag number, expiry date, and segment number for any discrepancies or
damage.
7. Hand Hygiene & PPE:
o Perform hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE before handling blood products.
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➤ Intra-Transfusion Procedure:
1. IV Access:
o Insert a new IV cannula or confirm the patency of the existing line using 5 ml of normal
saline.
2. Baseline Vital Signs:
o Record temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure.
3. Initiation of Transfusion:
o Begin transfusion at 10 drops/min for the first 15 minutes while observing for adverse
reactions.
4. Adjust Infusion Rate:
o Increase rate to 20–25 drops/min after first 15 minutes if patient remains stable.
5. Ongoing Monitoring:
o Monitor vital signs every 30 minutes at the time of starting transfusion and at the end of
transfusion.
6. Documentation:
o Accurately document time of initiation, type of blood product, amount transfused, TPR, BP,
and any medications administered.
7. Transfusion Record Maintenance:
o Attach a copy of the transfusion record to the patient’s chart.
o Senior nurse countersigns for accountability.
➤ Post-Transfusion Procedure:
1. Completion Documentation:
o Record the time of transfusion completion and patient’s post-transfusion condition.
2. Return Issue Slip:
o Return the signed issue slip to the blood bank.
3. Patient Monitoring:
o Continue to monitor for delayed transfusion reactions for several hours after completion.
4. Waste Disposal:
o Properly dispose of all disposable sets and materials per biomedical waste management
protocols.
5. Final Documentation:
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o Enter the transfusion details into the Hospital Management System (HMS) with the assigned
transfusion number.
Conclusion:
Safe blood transfusion practices are essential to prevent complications, ensure patient well-being, and
maintain high standards of care in clinical settings. A nurse’s vigilance in following the pre-, intra-, and
post-transfusion protocols ensures accurate patient identification, compatibility of blood products, careful
monitoring for adverse reactions, and thorough documentation. Adherence to these evidence-based
procedures significantly reduces the risk of transfusion errors and enhances patient outcomes, reflecting the
advanced scope of practice in MSc Nursing.
