Answer keys for Assignment 10: Measurement of study variables
(The correct answer is underlined in bold text)
1. Choose the odd one among the following
a. Range
b. Variance
c. Mode
d. Standard deviation
2. Blood pressure is an example of continuous variable
(a) True
(b) False
3. ‘Number of children per household’ is an example of a continuous variable
a. True
b. False
4. In a study, researchers are interested in measuring the cholesterol levels of participants.
Cholesterol level is a_________ variable
a. Ordinal
b. Nominal
c. Continuous
d. Discrete
5. First quartile (Q1) is equivalent to ____ percentile
a. 25th
b. 50th
c. 75th
d. 100th
6. Find the median in the following sample of observations: 14, 25, 8, 28,45,1, 24
a. 28
b. 45
c. 24
d. 25
7. The following measure is not influenced by extreme values in a data set
a. Arithmetic Mean
b. Inter-quartile range
c. Range
d. ‘b’ and ‘c’
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8. In a study on hypertension, patients are categorised based on their systolic blood pressure
as pre-hypertension, Hypertension stage-I and Hypertension stage-II. What type of variable is
this?
a. Qualitative
b. Descriptive
c. Nominal
d. Ordinal
9. In the following set of data, what is the mean? 5,4,9,8,4,8,3,7
a. 6
b. 40
c. 10
d. 8
10. Difference between the minimum and the maximum values of the observations
a. Variance
b. Inter-quartile range
c. Range
d. Standard deviation
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Answer keys for Assignment 11: Sampling methods
(The correct answer is underlined in bold text)
1. Sampling based upon equal chance of selection is called
a. Stratified random sampling
b. Simple random sampling
c. Systematic sampling
d. Subjective sampling
2. The following statement is correct regarding sampling error
a. Sampling error is difficult to measure in simple random sampling
b. Sampling error is easy to measure in stratified sampling
c. The magnitude of error can be measured in non-probability samples
d. The magnitude of error can be measured in probability samples
3. The purpose of stratified random sampling is to make sure that
a. The sample is more representative of the target population than the accessible
population
b. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the
sample
c. The sample proportionately represents individuals from different subgroups
of the population
d. None of the above
4. Random sampling in probability samples reduces the possibility of bias in selection of
study subjects
a. True
b. False
5. The sampling technique in which every unit in the population has a known probability of
being selected in a sample
a. Convenience sampling
b. Probability sampling
c. Purposive sampling
d. Subjective sampling
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6. Methods used in probability samples are
a. Stratified sampling
b. Multi-stage sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. All of the above
7. The process by which some members of a population are selected as representatives of the
entire population is known as
a. Census
b. Sampling
c. Survey
d. Line listing
8. All the following are true regarding cluster sampling EXCEPT
a. It needs a complete list of units
b. The sampling unit is group of subjects
c. Sampling error is difficult to measure
d. Resources required are less
9. A researcher wishing to draw a sample from sequentially numbered houses, uses a random
starting point and then selects every 7th house, s/he has thus drawn a _________ sample
a. Sequential
b. Systematic
c. Simple random
d. Stratified
10. People who volunteer or who can be easily recruited are used in a sampling method called
a. Cluster sampling
b. Multi-stage sampling
c. Convenience sampling
d. Systematic sampling
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Answer keys for Assignment 12: Calculating sample size and power
(The correct answer is underlined in bold text)
1. Population variance can be estimated from
a. A pilot study
b. Reports of previous studies
c. „a‟ & „b‟
d. Population variance can’t be estimated
2. The recommended minimum level of power is
a. 5%
b. 95%
c. 80%
d. 25%
3. The power of a study
a. Does not influence the sample size
b. Represented as ‘α’
c. “1-β”
d. All of the above statements are true
4. When estimating sample size for a study, we need to adjust for
a. Expected response rate
b. Estimated design effect
c. Population size
d. All the above
5. Sampling error is a function of
a. Sample size
b. Variability in measurement
c. ‟a‟ & „b‟
d. None of the above
6. Design effect of more than 1 need to be considered in studies involving
a. Cluster sampling
b. Simple random sampling
c. Stratified random sampling
d. Non-Probability sampling
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7. 1 – α is the probability associated with
a. Type-I error
b. Type-II error
c. Level of significance
d. Level of confidence
8. Exact calculation of design effect can take place only after study completion
a. True
b. False
9. Statistical power is defined as the probability of
a. Accepting a null hypothesis when it is false
b. Rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true
c. Rejecting a null hypothesis when it is false
d. Failing to reject a null hypothesis when it is false
10. A type-II error occurs when
a. The null hypothesis is rejected when it is false
b. The null hypothesis is not rejected when it is false
c. The null hypothesis is not rejected when it is true
d. The null hypothesis is rejected when it is true
