Date : 16-09-2025 STD 8 Science Total Marks : 80

* Match the Following. [8]

1. Column I Column II

A. LPG 1. Non-combustible

B. Iron nails 2. Cheap fuel

C. Candle 3. Cooking gas

D. Wood 4. Flame

Ans. : A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

2. Column I Column II
(a) Friction produces (i) Ceiling fan
(b) Lubricants (li) Heat
(c) Soapy floor (iii) Oil and grease
(d) Ball bearing (iv) Rolling friction
(v) Less friction
Ans. : (a) - (ii), (b) - (iii), (c) - (v), (d) - (i)

* Choose the correct alternative from those given below question [6]

3. The process of beating out grains from the harvested wheat crop is called:
a. Beating.
b. Crushing.
c. Threshing.
d. Weeding.
Ans. :
c. Threshing.
Explanation:
The process of beating out grains from the harvested wheat crop is called
threshing. It is done by a machine called combine.
4. The food obtained from animals is very rich in:
a. Fats.
b. Carbohydrates.
c. Minerals.
d. Proteins.
Ans. :
d. Proteins.

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Explanation:
The food obtained from animals is very rich in proteins.
5. Which of the following is not an effect of force?
a. A force can change the speed of a moving object.
b. A force can change the direction of a moving object.
c. A force can change the composition of a moving object.
d. A force can change the shape and size of an object.
Ans. :
b. A force can change the direction of a moving object.
Explanation:
The force can change the direction of motion.
6. A person has applied some mustard oil on his hands. Which of the following
objects will become most difficult for him to hold in his hand?
a. Earthen cup (kulhar).
b. Thermocol tumbler.
c. Glass tumbler.
d. Wooden cup.
Ans. :
c. Glass tumbler.
Explanation:
Mustard oil reduces the friction on his hands. So, Glass tumbler will be most
difficult to handle.
7. Magnesium ribbon on burning in air produces
(A) magnesium oxide, water and light
(B) magnesium oxide and heat
(C) magnesium oxide, heat and light
(D) magnesium oxide, water and heat
Ans. : (C) magnesium oxide, heat and light
8. Alida runs her toy car on dry marble floor, wet marble floor, newspaper and
towel spread on the floor. The force of friction acting on the car on different
surfaces in increasing order will be
(A) wet marble floor, dry marble floor, newspaper, towel
(B) newspaper, towel, dry marble floor, wet marble floor
(C) towel, newspaper, dry marble floor, wet marble floor
(D) Wet marble floor, dry marble floor, towel, newspaper

Ans. : (A) wet marble floor, dry marble floor, newspaper, towel
The correct arrangement is as follows:
Wet marble floor, dry marble floor, newspaper, towel.

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* Answer the following as requested in detail. [5]

9. Which plastic is used:

a. For making uniforms of fire-men fire resistant?
b. For giving non-stick coating on frying pans?
c. For making handles of frying pans?
d. For making insulation (covering) of electric wires?
e. For making electric switches?
f. For making flexible water bottles?
Ans. :
a. Melamine is a thermosetting plastic which is resistant to fire and can
tolerate heat better than other plastics. It is used to make floor tiles,
kitchenware and fire-resistant fabrics. It is also used for making uniforms
of fire-men.
b. Teflon is used for giving non-stick coating on frying pans. It is a special
plastic on which oil and water do not stick. It is used for nonstick coating
on cook wares.
c. Bakelite is used for making handles of frying pans. Frying pan handles are
made with thermosetting plastics which are resistant to fire and can
tolerate heat better than other plastics. For example, Bakelite is a
thermosetting plastic which is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
d. PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) is used for making wire insulation.
e. Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic which is a poor conductor of heat and
electricity. It is used to make electrical switches and handles of utensils.
f. PET is used for making flexible water bottles. It is a very familiar form of
polyester. It is used for making bottles and utensils which is replacing
materials like glass.

* Fill in the blanks: [6]

10. Synthetic fibres are made from raw materials called ______.
Ans. : Synthetic fibres are made from raw materials called petrochemicals.
Explanation:
Nylon was the first fully synthetic fiber. It was petrochemicals which is derived
from fossil fuels.
11. The process in which sugar is converted into alcohol is called ____________ .
Ans. : Fermentation
12. Coal is one of the ____________ used to cook food.
Ans. : fuels
13. A liquid fuel used in homes is ____________ .
Ans. : kerosene

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14. We pour a drop of oil on the hinge of door to _____________ friction.
Ans. : reduce
15. Damaged seeds would ____________ on top of water . ( float / preparation )
Ans. : float

* Answer the following questions in short. [8]

16. Explain how, recycling of paper helps it in the conservation of forests.

Ans. : Reducing, reusing and recycling are important because they decrease the
amount of waste on the planet and preserve natural resources by maintaining
space and cutting down on landfills. Reducing, reusing and recycling reduce
consumption of new materials and save energy.
17. Where do we get coal from and how is it formed ?
Ans. : About 300 million years ago, the Earth had dense forests in low lying wetland
areas. Due to natural processes like flooding, these forests got buried under the
soil and deposited as fossil. Due to high temperature and pressure, dead plants
got slowly converted into coal.
18. Which zone of flame does a goldsmith use for melting gold and silver and why ?
Ans. : A goldsmith uses the outer zone or non-luminous zone of a flame for
melting gold and silver because it is the hottest zone of a flame and has more
temperature.
19. Why a matchstick can burn a splinter of wood directly, but cannot burn a log of
wood directly? How can we burn a log of wood ?
Ans. : A matchstick can burn a splinter of wood directly because it has low ignition
temperature, whereas a matchstick cannot burn a log of wood directly as it has
high ignition temperature.
In order to burn a log of wood, a small fire is first started by burning straw (or dry
grass), or paper by a matchstick, then the log of wood is placed over this fire. This
fire heats the log of wood to its ignition temperature due to which it starts
burning.

* State whether the following sentences are true or false. Correct the false [5]
sentences and rewrite them.

20. State whether the following statements are true or false:

An earthquake is measured and recorded by using an instrument called
electrocardiograph.
Ans. : This statement is False.
Explanation:
Seismograph is the instrument which is used to measure and record an

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earthquake. The tremors produce waves on the surface of the earth. These are
called seismic waves. These waves are recorded by the seismograph.
21. Viruses can only multiply in a living cell.
Ans. : True
22. Coal tar has been used for metalling the roads .
Ans. : True
23. Frictional force does not depend on the nature of the surfaces in contact.
Ans. : false
24. Cells of root nodules of leguminous plants fix nitrogen .
Ans. : False, Rhizobium (bacteria) present in the cells of root nodules of
leguminous plants fix nitrogen .

* Answer the following questions in short. [15]

25. Describe briefly, how soil is prepared for sowing the seeds.
Ans. : The preparation of soil is the first step before growing a crop. The soil is
prepared for sowing the seeds of crop by ploughing, levelling and manuring. The
process of loosening and turning the soil is called ploughing. It is done by using a
tool called plough. It is made up of wood or iron. One of the important tasks in
agriculture is to turn the soil and loosen it. It allows the roots to penetrate deep
into the soil so that plants are held more firmly to the soil. The ploughed field may
have big pieces of soil called crumbs. It is necessary to break these crumbs with a
plank. The levelling of ploughed soil is done by using an implement called leveller.
Sometimes, manure is added to the soil before tilling. This helps in proper mixing
of manure with soil. Once the soil is ploughed, levelled and manured, it is ready for
sowing of seeds.
26. Write two uses of bakelite.
Ans. : Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic. The plastics which when molded once,
cannot be softened by heating are called thermosetting plastics. For example,
Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic which is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
It is used to make electrical switches and handles of utensils.
27. Give reasons for the following.
(i) Fresh milk is boiled before consumption while processed milk is stored in
packets and can be consumed without boiling.
(ii) Raw vegetables and fruits are kept in refrigerators, whereas jams and pickles
can be kept outside.
(iii) Farmers prefer to grow beans and peas in nitrogen deficient soils.
(iv) Mosquitoes can be controlled by preventing stagnation of water though
they do not live in water. Why ?

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Ans. : (i) Fresh milk is boiled before consumption to kill the microorganisms in it.
But packed milk is pasteurised and does not contain any microorganisms. Thus, it
can be consumed without boiling.
(ii) Raw vegetables and fruits get easily infected by microorganisms and get
spoiled. They are kept in refrigerator as low temperature inhibits growth of
microbes, Jams and pickles contain sugar and salt as preservatives. They do not get
infected by microbes as these preservatives do not allow the growth of microbes.
(iii) Beans and peas are leguminous plants and have Rhizobium in their root
nodules. These bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen to enrich the soil with
nitrogen and increase its fertility.
(iv) Though mosquitoes live on land, their larvae grow in water. If water stagnation
is prevented, their larvae cannot survive, thus reducing mosquito population.
28. Few days back, Shradha, a student of class VIIIth was driving the car. She went
to a crop field. The level of road were just above the level of ploughed field. As
she wanted to stop the slow moving car, the brakes failed to work at that time.
Suddenly, she turned the car towards the ploughed field. After sometime, the
car came to rest.
(a) Shradha turned the car towards the ploughed field. Explain why?
(b) Explain how the car came to rest after covering some distance in the
ploughed field?
(c) Mention the values that Shradha exhibits here.
Ans. : a. She turned her car towards the ploughed field to protect herself from an
accident.
b. The car moved from road to the ploughed field due to which the force of
friction between the tyre and the ground surface increases suddenly. Because the
large amount of irregularities reduces the movement of tyre. Thus, the car came to
a rest.
c. The values displayed by Shradha are intelligence and awareness.
29. Take two sets of seeds, label them as A and B, respectively. Treat seeds of set A
with insecticide. Do not provide any treatment to seeds of set B. Plant both the
set of seeds in the soil. Analyse the growth of seeds of both set.
Ans. : self

* Answer the following questions in details [4 marks ] [16]

30. What is meant by ‘nitrogen fixation’? State two ways in which nitrogen gas of
the atmosphere can be ‘fixed’ in nature to get nitrogen compounds in the soil.
Ans. : The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into compounds of nitrogen
is called nitrogen fixation. The two ways in which in which nitrogen gas of the
atmosphere can be 'fixed' in nature to get nitrogen compounds in the soil are:

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i. Nitrogen fixation by lightning: Lightning also helps in fixing atmospheric
nitrogen into the soil. The temperature and pressure during lightning
convert atmospheric nitrogen into oxides of nitrogen. These nitrogen
compounds combine with rainwater to form nitric and nitrous acid which
mix with the soil.
ii. Nitrogen fixation by certain bacteria and blue-green algae: Certain bacteria
and blue-green algae present in the soil fix nitrogen from the atmosphere
and convert it into compounds of nitrogen.
31. Give an example to show that friction depends on the force with which the two
surfaces are pressed together.
Ans. : Suppose, a person is pushing a heavy box, then he is applying say force F1.

Now if the same person pushes two boxes of same mass as the previous case.
Then, in this case he will have to apply more force to overcome the larger friction
as in the earlier case. Thus is because friction depends on the mass of the object.
Heavier the mass, more the force is exerted by the object on the surface and thus
more friction is produced.
32. What is meant by water pollution? What are the different ways in which water
gets polluted?
Ans. : The harmful substances like sewage, toxic materials, silt etc., when gets
mixed with water, causes water pollution. The pollutants which cause water
pollution are the chemical waste from industries, sewage, silt, agricultural
chemicals and garbage thrown into water.
Water gets polluted in the following ways:
i. Water can be contaminated by human waste or sewage.
ii. Industries such as oil refineries, paper factories, textile and sugar mills and
chemical factories discharge harmful chemicals into rivers and streams.
These chemicals include arsenic, lead and flourides.
iii. Some industries and power plants releases hot water into the rivers. Hot
water can also be considered as a pollutant.
iv. The excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture also causes
water pollution.
33. Name one source and one harmful effect of each of the following air pollutants:
a. Sulphur dioxide.
b. Nitrogen oxides.
c. Carbon monoxide.
d. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Ans. :
a. The source of Sulphur dioxide in the air is the fossil fuels combustion in the
power plants and other industries. It can also be produced by the motor
vehicles emissions. Sulphur dioxide is a very harmful pollutant when
present in the atmosphere. It can cause the respiratory problems, including
permanent lung damage.
b. The source of nitrogen dioxide in the air is produced by the motor vehicles.
Nitrogen dioxide is a very harmful pollutant because it combines with other
air pollutants and fog to form smog. The smog is responsible for causing
breathing difficulties such as asthma, cough and wheezing in children.
c. The source of carbon monoxide in the air is by the incomplete burning of
fuels such as petrol and diesel. Carbon monoxide is a very poisonous gas
which reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood.
d. The Chlorofluorocarbons are used in the refrigerators, air conditioners and
aerosol sprays. The Chlorofluorocarbons are responsible to deplete the
ozone layer in the atmosphere. Ozone layer protects us from harmful
ultraviolet rays of the sun. This results in increase of ultraviolet radiations
at ground level which gives rise to an increased risk of skin cancer.

* Answer the following questions in on sentence [3]

34. Name two food materials which are preserved by sun-drying method in our
homes.
Ans. : Vegetables like methi leaves and spinach are preserved by sun-drying
method in our homes.
35. How will you reduce friction between those machine parts which rub against
each other? Give the simplest method.
Ans. : By applying any lubricant say grease, one can reduce friction between those
machine parts which rub against each other to avoid wear and tear.
36. Name one example from everyday life where wheels (or rollers) are used to
reduce friction.
Ans. : Car.

* case - based/data -based questions [8]

37. The table shows two groups of natural resources.

(i) Which of these statements is true about coal ?

Circle 'Yes' or 'No' for the correct response.

Is this true about coal ? Yes or No

(a) Dirt makes up a large part of coal. Yes/No

(b) Coal is produced from plant fossils. Yes/No

(c) Formation of coal requires heat and pressure. Yes/No

(ii) Where is a coal reserve most likely to be found ?

(a) Inside volcanoes
(b) Beneath glaciers
(c) On ocean floors
(d) Under land surfaces
(iii) Which gas is mainly emitted during the combustion of coal ?
(vi) Coke is a product obtained by the processing of coal.
Which of these is a byproduct of making coke ?
(a) Coal tar
(b) Bitumen
(c) Coal gas
(d) Kerosene
Ans. : (i) (a) No
(b) Yes, coal is formed from plant remains buried deep under the Earth.
(c) Yes, formation of coal requires high temperature and high pressure.
(ii) (d) Under land surfaces.
(iii) Carbon dioxide
(iv) (c) Coal gas
38. The material X is a fossil fuel. It is formed from the buried large land plants
(vegetation) by a very slow process Y. When X is heated in the absence of air, it
gives three products A, B and C.
A is used in steel making B is used as an industrial fuel, whereas the product C
has been traditionally used for metalling the roads. It is now replaced by a
petroleum product, bitumen.
Now give the answer of the following questions.
(i) What is the material X ?
(ii) What is the physical state and colour of X ?
(iii) Name the processes Y.
(iv) What are the products A, B and C ?
Ans. : (i) Coal
(ii) It is solid and black coloured.
(iii) Y is carbonisation.
(iv) A is coke, B is coal gas while C is coal tar.
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