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ScribdTranslationsKarl Raymund Popper was born in 1902 and died in 1994.
He was
apprentice cabinetmaker in Vienna. Here he experienced the doctrine with his master
of Socratic ignorance: the teacher had a habit of asking him
questions about world history and answer them himself when Karl
I didn't know the answer, then I would say to him, 'You can ask me about what '
"you want". Thus he became aware of the infinity of his ignorance. In such
worries along with the cabinetry consumed her time.
Subsequently, he will make at least two attempts to become a worker.
but his physical ability did not favor him. After completing his training in
cabinetmaking became a social worker in charge of children
abandoned.
In 1930, he got married and settled as a schoolteacher until 1937.
when can you leave school to become a philosopher
Professional. In 1934 he had published Logic of Research
Scientific. With these two situations, he concluded that he had solved the
dilemma of being at a work table and developing its epistemology.
Few people know when their intellectual life began or
biographical something that does not happen with biological life. With a lot of certainty
in Popper started after moral and emotional development. The
compassion is one of the emotions that one remembers the most because of
She fell in love for the first time with a lovely blind girl in Vienna.
Extreme poverty in Vienna was one of its main problems.
during childhood. His father, Dr. Sigmund Karl Popper, was part of
two committees responsible for seeking asylum for homeless people: a lodge
The Masonic one ran a home for orphans; the other committee administered
a home for homeless people that was once hosted by Adolf Hitler
during his first instance in Vienna. Sigmund was more of a scholar than
a lawyer. He wrote poetry and translated Latin and Greek verses into German.
He had a special interest in philosophers: Plato, Bacon, Descartes,
Spinoza, Locke, Kant. I had the complete works of J. Stuart Mill, the
majority of the works of Kierkegaard and Nietzsche. It had the
main works of Marx and Engels as well as those of their main
critics: Kropotkin, Carl Menger, Bohom Bawerk. Portraits of Darwin and
Shopenhauer decorated his study.
His mother was a pianist as were two of his aunts. He received some
violin classes as a child but did not have the ability to perfect himself in
this subject. He met a violinist named Rudolf Serkin whom he admired
always for his ability to forget about himself and others when
He played. He was a student in the music department for a few years.
religious of the Academy of Vienna. In the twenties, she thought about becoming
musician but similar to what happened with cabinetry, mathematics and physics
he discovered that he was not good enough for such tasks. From his foray
In music, three ideas emerged: the relationship between thought
dogmatic and critical thinking; the connection between objective music
and subjective music; and the intellectual poverty of historicist ideas in
music like in the arts in general. From the idea introduced by Wagner
about progress in music inspired for around 1935
elaborate on his conception of historicism. This musician also spread the
conception of the genius as an advanced and misunderstood person of their time.
But there are deserving people who do not succeed. Similar is what
what happens with the position on the necessity of vanguard groups to
the progress of societies, this actually leads to the formation of
cliques or pressure groups very similar rather to a party
political or to a religious sect.
His first teacher was Emma Goldberger, who taught him to read.
writing and arithmetic. All other knowledge is acquired through
matter of environment and continuing to read and learn. The biggest
the influence of his first intellectual development was Arthur Arndt, a relative of
the founders of German nationalism. This thinker was
anti-nationalist, socialist and opponent of the Bolsheviks whom
he described how the Jesuits of socialism are known for their ability to sacrifice,
even knowing, innocent men because the great ends justify
all means. Arthur loved to discuss Marxism and the
Darwinism.
In 1925 he met Karl Bühler at the University, one of the
first psychologists of Gestalt. Their theory of the three levels or
the functions of language would influence the development of some ideas
Popperian: The functions were expressive, signaling, and descriptive.
The third one is exclusive to humans. The maps are not
argumentative. Every theory is also descriptive just like a
map... communicative since it can make people act...
expressive as it is a symptom of the communicant's state
In Popper, the encounter with Marxism becomes a milestone.
of his intellectual development path.: made him conscious, similar to the
cabinetmaker who only knew that he knew nothing and also allowed him
investigate the differences between dogmatic thinking and critical thinking.
Contemporaneously with the encounter with Marx was his discovery of Adler and
from Freud. It was Albert Einstein who had the greatest influence on his
intellectual development, when he attended his first conference in Vienna he
felt dazed.
In the years leading up to 1914, there was an atmosphere of
liberalism1in Europe that was severely destroyed by the First
World War. The Emperor followed the advice almost to the letter.
given by Kierkegaard to Christian VIII of Denmark when he asked him
His Majesty to the philosopher on how a king should conduct himself. The
The answer was: It would be convenient if he were ugly, deaf, and blind, or at least
1
The liberal tradition of thought has its main precedent in Germany.
It runs from Kant to Max Weber (where the liberal objective is limited to
to frame the position of such thinkers between reaction and revolution.
what characterizes such a tradition would be the conviction that the
ideals of the Enlightenment are either fulfilled within the bosom of the State or they are
"condemned to failure." It is that conviction that is now in crisis.
crisis... has been called our 'postmodern condition', this is
"post-illustrated". Those of us who believe that a certain liberalism has
accredited...as a legitimate heir of liberalism (just as well as the
socialism, for not in vain has 'libertarianism' been described as 'a
socialist critique of liberalism and a liberal critique of socialism) we reach
to revive that university illusion of the Enlightenment...68 (Cf. Javier Muguerza:
"The indiscipline of critical spirit (a philosophical perspective)" in: Kant, I. (2003).
The conflict of the faculties. (Original, 1798. Trans: Roberto Aramayo). Madrid:
Alianza Editorial. p. 221.
behave as if it were... should not talk too much, but rather make arrangements
a small type of speech that can be used on all occasions,
a speech, therefore, without content.
I was twelve years old when the First World War began. This
the experience fostered in him a critical attitude towards opinions
accepted, especially the policies. Arthur expected a revolution
democratic in Russia. Her father, on the other hand, was very
depressed by the Great War. In the years following the Great War many times
together with his friends he was overwhelmed by depression, Austria was impoverished.
However, he did not stop studying, participating in discussions, reading and
exchange opinions with your friends. At the University, he attended several
courses that one remembers for the clarity and beauty of the language
as well as by the historical outline presented as an introduction to its
problems for which he does not hesitate to qualify it as a work of art. It is about
the classes with Prof. Hans Hahn. As a result of this experience, he says with
regarding education, if I ever founded a school it would be to
that the young learned without boredom and in which they were stimulated.
framing and discussion of problems and in which it will be avoided to listen
unwanted answers to unasked questions.
In 1925, a Pedagogical Institute was established in Vienna to support the
reforms of primary and secondary education. This Institute was autonomous
but linked to the University. They accepted some social workers
as students among whom was Popper. There he met his
wife who was a severe critic of his writings. She also
opposed to me writing any book due to not having time to ski and
to practice mountaineering, besides I didn't see his style fitting with writing
any book. He learned never to defend anything I had written.
the accusation of not being clear enough. If a conscientious reader finds
a dark passage, it needs to be rewritten.
In 1927, he met the Vienna Circle. Unlike these
thinkers argue that metaphysical ideas are often the
precursors of scientific ideas. They were more concerned with marking the
metaphysics rather than pseudoscience. For P- Induction does not exist because
one can never argue from facts to theories, unless
through refutation.
In 1928, he obtained his doctorate. After presenting his thesis
The doctoral candidate gathered all the pieces and the previous ideas found their place.
They discovered that scientists had to delineate their activities from the
pseudoscience, theology, and metaphysics; they were also found
eager to appeal to similarly reliable research sources as the
from religion. However, scientific theories always remain
as hypotheses or conjectures.
In The Open Society and Its Enemies, it argues that they are false.
prophets of society to Plato, Hegel, and Marx.
References.
Kant, I. (2003). The Conflict of the Faculties. (Original, 1798. Translated by Roberto)
Aramayo). Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Popper Karl. Search without End. (2002). (Trans: Carmen García)
Trevijano). Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
