Properties of
Inverse Function
𝑓 −1 𝑓 𝑥
Properties
Property 3: Functions of the form 𝑓 −1 𝑓 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
sin−1 (sin 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ − ,
2 2
Proof:
Consider 𝑦 = sin−1 sin 𝑥
⇒ sin 𝑦 = sin 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑛𝜋 + −1 𝑛 𝑥 ; 𝑛 ∈ ℤ 𝑦∈ − ,
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑛𝜋 + −1 𝑛 𝑥 ; 𝑛 ∈ ℤ 𝑦 ∈ − 2 , 2
𝑌
𝜋
2
𝑋
−5𝜋 −2𝜋 3𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 165°𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋 7𝜋
− −
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
𝜋
−
2
A periodic function with period 2𝜋
Example 𝑛 Relation Range of 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
𝑛=0 𝑦=𝑥 𝑥 ∈ −2,2
𝑖) sin−1 sin 165° = 180° − 165° = 15°
𝜋 3𝜋
𝑛=1 𝑦 =𝜋−𝑥 𝑥∈ ,
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑛𝜋 + −1 𝑛 𝑥 ; 𝑛 ∈ ℤ 𝑦 ∈ − 2 , 2
𝑌
𝜋
2
𝑋
−5𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 7 5𝜋 7𝜋
−2𝜋 − −𝜋 − 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
𝜋
−
2
A periodic function with period 2𝜋
Example
𝑖𝑖) sin−1 sin 7 = 7 − 2𝜋
𝑦 = cos −1 cos 𝑥 ∶
Consider 𝑦 = cos −1 cos 𝑥 ⇒ cos 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦 = 2𝑛𝜋 ± 𝑥 ; 𝑛 ∈ ℤ 𝑦 ∈ 0, 𝜋
𝑌
𝜋
2
𝑋
−2𝜋 −
3𝜋 −𝜋 −
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 225° 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋
2 2 2 2 2
A periodic function with period 2𝜋
Example
𝑖) cos −1 cos 225° = 360° − 225° = 135°
𝑦 = cos −1 cos 𝑥 ∶
Consider 𝑦 = cos −1 cos 𝑥 ⇒ cos 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦 = 2𝑛𝜋 ± 𝑥 ; 𝑛 ∈ ℤ 𝑦 ∈ 0, 𝜋
𝑌
𝜋
2
𝑋
−2𝜋 −
3𝜋 −𝜋 −
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 7 5𝜋 3𝜋
2 2 2 2 2
A periodic function with period 2𝜋
Example
𝑖𝑖) cos −1 cos 7° = 7 − 2𝜋
JEE ADV 2014
Let 𝑓 ∶ 0,4𝜋 → 0, 𝜋 be defined by 𝑓 𝑥 = cos −1 cos 𝑥 . The number of
10−𝑥
points of 𝑥 ∈ 0,4𝜋 satisfying the equation 𝑓 𝑥 = is :
10
Solution: Let 𝑓 ∶ 0,4𝜋 → 0, 𝜋 be defined by 𝑓 𝑥 = cos −1 cos 𝑥
10 − 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑌 10
𝜋
𝑋
𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 10 4𝜋
𝑦 = tan−1 tan 𝑥 ∶
𝑌
𝜋
2
𝑋
3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋
−𝜋 𝜋
− − 2 2
2 2 2
𝜋
−
2
A periodic function with period 𝜋
𝑦 = cot −1 cot 𝑥 ∶
𝑌
𝜋
𝑋
𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋
−𝜋 − 𝜋
2 2 2 2
A periodic function with period 𝜋
Example
Find : sin−1 sin 5 + cos −1 cos 10 + tan−1 (tan −6 ) + cot −1 (cot(−10))
Solution: sin−1 sin 5 = 5 − 2𝜋
𝑌
𝜋
2
5
𝑋
−5𝜋 −2𝜋 3𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 3𝜋 7𝜋
− −
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
𝜋
−
2
Example
Find : sin−1 sin 5 + cos −1 cos 10 + tan−1 (tan −6 ) + cot −1 (cot(−10))
Solution: cos −1 cos 10 = 4𝜋 − 10
𝑌
𝜋
𝜋
2
10
𝑋
−2𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋
−
2 2
sin−1 sin 5 = 5 − 2𝜋
Example
Find : sin−1 sin 5 + cos −1 cos 10 + tan−1 (tan −6 ) + cot −1 (cot(−10))
Solution: tan−1 (tan −6 = 2𝜋 − 6 𝑌
𝜋
2
𝑋
5𝜋 −6 3𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋
− −2𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2 − − 2 2
2 2 2
𝜋
−
2
sin−1 sin 5 = 5 − 2𝜋
cos−1 cos 10 = 4𝜋 − 10
Example
Find : sin−1 sin 5 + cos −1 cos 10 + tan−1 (tan −6 ) + cot −1 (cot(−10))
Solution: cot −1 (cot −10 = 4𝜋 − 10 𝑌
𝜋
𝑋
−10−3𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
−2𝜋 −𝜋
sin−1 sin 5 = 5 − 2𝜋 tan−1 (tan −6 = 2𝜋 − 6
cos−1 cos 10 = 4𝜋 − 10
sin−1 sin 5 = 5 − 2𝜋 tan−1 (tan −6 = 2𝜋 − 6
cos −1 cos 10 = 4𝜋 − 10 cot −1 (cot −10 = 4𝜋 − 10
sin−1 sin 5 + cos −1 cos 10 + tan−1 (tan −6 ) + cot −1 (cot(−10))
= 5 − 2𝜋
= + 4𝜋 − 10 + 2𝜋 − 6 + 4𝜋 − 10
= 8𝜋 − 21
𝑦 = sec −1 sec 𝑥 ∶
𝑌
𝜋
𝜋
2
𝑋
3𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
−2𝜋 − −
2 2 2 2 2 2
A periodic function with period 2𝜋
𝑦 = cosec −1 cosec 𝑥 ∶
𝑌
𝜋
2
𝑋
3𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋
−2𝜋 − −
2 2 2 2 2
𝜋
−
2
A periodic function with period 2𝜋
Property 3 : Functions of the form 𝑓 −1 𝑓 𝑥 (for principal values of 𝑥 only)
𝜋 𝜋
sin−1 (sin 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ − ,
2 2
cos −1 (cos 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 0, 𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
tan−1 (tan 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ − ,
2 2
cot −1 (cot 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 0, 𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
cosec −1
(cosec 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ − , − 0
2 2
−1
𝜋
sec (sec 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 ; ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 0, 𝜋 −
2
Example
If 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑛 > 10 + sin−1 sin 9 + tan−1 (tan 9) for all real 𝑥,
then the possible value of 𝑛 can be :
A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 14
Solution: 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑛 > 10 + sin−1 sin 9 + tan−1 (tan 9)
𝑌 3𝜋 − 9
𝜋
2
𝑋
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 9 3𝜋 7𝜋
−
2 2 2 2 2
𝜋
−
2
Example
If 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑛 > 10 + sin−1 sin 9 + tan−1 (tan 9) for all real 𝑥,
then the possible value of 𝑛 can be :
A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 14
Solution: 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑛 > 10 + sin−1 sin 9 + tan−1 (tan 9)
𝑌 3𝜋 − 9 9 − 3𝜋
𝜋
2
𝑋
𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 9 3𝜋 7𝜋
𝜋
− 2 2 2 2
2
𝜋
−
2
Example
If 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑛 > 10 + sin−1 sin 9 + tan−1 (tan 9) for all real 𝑥,
then the possible value of 𝑛 can be :
A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 14
Solution: 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑛 > 10 + sin−1 sin 9 + tan−1 (tan 9)
3𝜋 − 9 9 − 3𝜋
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑛 > 10 For 𝑎 > 0, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 > 0 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ; 𝐷 < 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑛 − 10 > 0
𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
⇒ 4 − 4 𝑛 − 10 < 0
⇒ 𝑛 > 11
