Coconut fiber (Cocos nucifera) as Reinforcement Material for Hollow blocks
A Science Investigatory Project
Presented to the Faculty of
Science, Technology and Engineering Program
New Lucena National Comprehensive High School
New Lucena, Iloilo
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in
Research IV
Prince Jansen P. De la Cruz
Phirz Ian S. Lomigo
Hannah Jane J. Simora
May 2024
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NEW LUCENA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING PROGRAM
Brgy. Poblacion, New Lucena, Iloilo
CERTIFICATE OF PANEL APPROVAL
The research attached hereto, entitled “Coconut fiber (Cocos nucifera) as
Reinforcement Material for Hollow blocks” prepared and submitted by Prince Jansen
De la Cruz, Phirz Ian Lomigo, and Hannah Jane Simora, is hereby recommended for
approval.
JULIE FREYA P. VILLARIN March 17, 2024
Panel Member Date
MA. CHRIS MARQUELENCIA March 17, 2024
Panel Member Date
JONALYN P. PEDREGOSA March 17, 2024
Panel Member Date
This research paper is approved in fulfilment of the requirements in RESEARCH IV.
RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:
CRISTIE S. SUMBILLA JULIE FREYA P. VILLARIN
Research Adviser STE Coordinator
ROY S. SOLDEVILLA
School Principal II
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NEW LUCENA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING PROGRAM
Brgy. Poblacion, New Lucena, Iloilo
ABSTRACT
Coconut wastes are one of the major agricultural wastes in the Philippines. The
researchers aimed to determine the durability and water absorption of hollow blocks
reinforced with coconut fiber. The researchers used a complete randomized design. 25%
coconut fiber in treatment A; 50% coconut fiber in treatment B; 75% coconut fiber in
treatment C; and a 100% hollow block mixture as a positive control. A comparison
between the hollow blocks reinforced with coconut fiber and a positive control was made
in order to determine the durability and water absorption. 25%, 50%, and 75% coconut
fiber reinforced on hollow blocks have different durability from the positive control.
25%, 50%, and 75% had the same water absorption as the positive control. The one-way
ANOVA showed that there is a significant difference in the durability of hollow blocks
reinforced with coconut fiber. While there was no significant difference in the water
absorption of hollow blocks reinforced with coconut fiber using 25%, 50%, and 75% of
coconut fiber and the positive control. Therefore, the researchers concluded that there
was a significant difference in the durability of hollow blocks reinforced with coconut
fiber and no significant difference in the water absorption of hollow blocks reinforced
with coconut fiber.
Keywords: Coconut fiber, hollow blocks, reinforcement
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NEW LUCENA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING PROGRAM
Brgy. Poblacion, New Lucena, Iloilo
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Behind the success of this research study are the significant persons who really
paved their way for the completion of this paper. First, thanks to the almighty God, for
His blessing and guidance throughout work and His assurance of protection, provision
and power.
Dr. Cristie S. Sumbilla, Research Adviser, for his guidance, support and
encouragement from the beginning of the research proposal development up to the final
write up of the research study; Likewise, to Ma’am Julie Freya P. Villarin for her endless
guidance, concerns, and unending reminders to the researchers.
Ma’am Jonalyn S. Pedregosa and Ms. Ma. Chris Marquelencia, Panelists on their
capability in examining the research output during the research defense as well as their
recommendations. Also, thank you to Ma’am Lucil E. Donguines, our grammarian, for
her invaluable assistance.
Jeff Sam Christian De la Cruz and Jayson Bryan De la Cruz for their invaluable
help and guidance, teaching us the necessary skills and methods for our research. Parents,
relatives, friends and classmates, for their financial assistance and very kind
understanding and support; To god be the Glory!
The Researchers,
Hannah Jane Simora Prince Jansen De la Cruz
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NEW LUCENA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING PROGRAM
Brgy. Poblacion, New Lucena, Iloilo
Phirz Ian Lomigo
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page………………………………………………………………….......... i
Certificate of Approval…………………………………………………………. ii
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………. iii
Acknowledgment……………………………………………………………...... iv
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………...... v
List of Tables…………………………………………………………................ vii
List of Figures………………………………………………………………....... x
List of Appendices……………………………………………………………… xi
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………. 1
1.1 Background of the 1
study…………………………………………......
1.2 Statement of the problem………………………………………. 3
…....
1.3 Hypothesis………………………………………………………….. 4
1.4 Conceptual 5
Framework……………………………………………...
1.5 Significance of the 5
study…………………………………………….
1.6 Scope and 6
Delimitation…………………………………………....... 7
1.7 Definition of
Terms………………………………………………….
CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………………..... 9
2.1 Related Literature……………………….………………………...... 9
2.1.1 Coconut fiber…………………….……………………………...... 9
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NEW LUCENA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING PROGRAM
Brgy. Poblacion, New Lucena, Iloilo
2.1.2 Types of Coconut fiber………………………………………….... 10
2..1.3 Uses of Coconut fiber.…………………………………………… 11
2.1.4 Environmental Benefits…………………………………………... 12
2.1.5 Hollow blocks…………………………………………………….. 12
2.1.6 Types of hollow blocks…………………………………………... 13
2.2 Related Studies……………………………………..………………. 14
2.3 Synthesis…………………………………….………….................... 17
CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY…………………………….………...…... 19
3.1 Research Design……………………………………………………. 19
3.2 Materials……….………………………………………………….... 20
3.3 Equipment/Apparatuses and Utensils………………………………. 20
3.4 Methods and steps………………………………………………….. 21
3.4.1 Coconut waste Collection………………………………………… 21
3.4.2 Collection of Coconut fiber………………………………………. 21
3.4.3 Mix design………………………………………………………... 22
3.4.4 Curing……….……………...……………...……………...……… 23
3.4.5 Testing……………………………………………………………. 23
3.4.6 Data Analysis …………………………………………………….. 26
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………… 27
4.1 Durability……………………………….……………...…………… 27
4.2 Water absorption….……………...……………...……………...….. 29
4.3 One-way Analysis of Variance of the durability………………….... 31
4.4 One-way Analysis of Variance of the water absorption…...……….. 32
CHAPTER 5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 34
5.1 Summary of Findings………………………………………………. 34
5.2 Conclusions………………………………………………………… 35
5.3 Recommendations………………………………………………….. 36
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NEW LUCENA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING PROGRAM
Brgy. Poblacion, New Lucena, Iloilo
REFERENCES......................................................................................………. 38
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………… 41
.
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
3.1 Research design………...………………...……………...…………….... 18
3.2 Materials…………………………………...……………...…………….. 19
3.3 Equipment/Apparatuses and Utensils…………………………………... 19
.
3.4 Mix design……………………...……………...……………...……….... 21
3.5 Criteria for Drop Test……………………….....……………...……….... 22
4.1 Descriptive Results of Durability Using the Various Proportions…….... 27
4.2 Descriptive Results of Water Absorption Using the Various
29
Proportions…………………………...……………...……………..........
4.3 One-way Analysis of Variance of the durability …………..................... 31
4.4 One-way Analysis of Variance of the Water absorption …..................... 32
.
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NEW LUCENA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING PROGRAM
Brgy. Poblacion, New Lucena, Iloilo
LIST OF FIGURES
Figur
Title Page
e
2.1 Conceptual Framework……………………………………………….. 5
4.1 Collection of Coconut Waste………………...…………………...…... 20
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NEW LUCENA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING PROGRAM
Brgy. Poblacion, New Lucena, Iloilo
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Title Page
A Permission letter..............................................…………………….. 40
B SSPS Results..................................................................................... 41
C Figures ………………………………………...……………...…… 44
