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Class 10 Physics Light Chapter Full Notes

The document covers the principles of reflection and refraction of light, including definitions, laws, types of mirrors, and lenses. It provides formulas for image formation, magnification, and the power of lenses, along with practical applications of mirrors and lenses. Key concepts such as the refractive index and lateral displacement are also discussed.

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G.Rethinakumar
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137 views4 pages

Class 10 Physics Light Chapter Full Notes

The document covers the principles of reflection and refraction of light, including definitions, laws, types of mirrors, and lenses. It provides formulas for image formation, magnification, and the power of lenses, along with practical applications of mirrors and lenses. Key concepts such as the refractive index and lateral displacement are also discussed.

Uploaded by

G.Rethinakumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class 10 Physics - Light: Reflection and Refraction

PART 1 - REFLECTION OF LIGHT

1. Reflection Definition:
The bouncing back of light into the same medium after striking a surface.

2. Laws of Reflection:
- The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie in the same plane.
- Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection.

3. Types of Reflection:
- Regular reflection: Smooth surface.
- Diffused reflection: Rough surface.

4. Image Formation by Plane Mirror:


- Image is virtual, erect, laterally inverted, same size, and at the same distance behind the mirror.

5. Spherical Mirrors:
- Concave mirror: Converging.
- Convex mirror: Diverging.

6. Mirror Formula:
1/f = 1/v + 1/u

7. Magnification (Mirror):
m = h'/h = -v/u

8. Uses of Mirrors:
- Concave: Reflectors, shaving mirrors, solar concentrators.
- Convex: Rear-view mirrors.
PART 2 - REFRACTION OF LIGHT

1. Refraction Definition:
Bending of light when it travels from one medium to another due to change in speed.

2. Laws of Refraction:
- The incident ray, refracted ray, and normal lie in the same plane.
- Snell's Law: sin(i)/sin(r) = n

3. Refractive Index:
n = speed of light in vacuum / speed of light in medium

Important Values:
- Air: 1
- Water: 1.33
- Glass: 1.5

4. Refraction through Glass Slab:


- Light bends towards normal on entering and away on leaving.
- Emergent ray is parallel but laterally displaced.

Lateral Displacement Formula:


d = [t * sin(i - r)] / cos(r)

5. Refraction by Lenses (Convex and Concave Lenses):


Lens Formula:
1/f = 1/v - 1/u

Magnification (Lens):
m = h'/h = v/u

6. Power of a Lens:
P = 100 / f (f in cm)
Unit: Dioptre (D)

7. Uses of Lenses:
- Convex: Magnifying glass, camera, spectacles.
- Concave: Myopia correction.

PART 3 - IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS

- Incident Ray: Incoming ray.


- Reflected Ray: Bounced ray.
- Refracted Ray: Bent ray in new medium.
- Normal: Perpendicular to surface at point of incidence.
- Optical Center: Geometric center of lens.
- Principal Axis: Line passing through center of curvature and pole.

PART 4 - NUMERICAL FORMULAS RECAP

- Mirror Formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u


- Magnification (Mirror): m = -v/u
- Lens Formula: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u
- Magnification (Lens): m = v/u
- Power of Lens: P = 100/f (cm)

PART 5 - QUICK TIPS FOR EXAMS

- Concave mirror: Real and inverted (except very close - virtual, erect).
- Convex mirror: Always virtual, erect, and diminished.
- Convex lens: Real and inverted (except for object between F and lens - virtual, erect, enlarged).
- Concave lens: Always virtual, erect, and diminished.

PART 6 - APPLICATIONS
- Mirrors: Headlights, telescopes, rear-view mirrors.
- Lenses: Spectacles, projectors, microscopes, cameras.

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