ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION : SOURCES ANI ID CAUSES. te materials resulting fro wast m human ‘ies wre, (ii) damages caused by disposed w; tat ion = ash sposal of vi) the circumstances where the effect af ftw i Dat by eae is met by third ” 8. pte ging to Section 2 (c) of ‘Accor Chats of the Envi Arment pollution’ means any solid, aiguior (Protection) Act, 1986, < inconcentration, as may be, or tend to be initdtblig ony substance present environmental pollution means the presence in Pdnarcest an "which is harmful to human beings ene d ' igs, other living cre snism and property. ‘Environmental pollutant’ actordng to Section 2 pm any a liquid or gaseous substance present in such air ; iy be, ot tence be, injurious to environment. Every substance aiioting av ee hae ea composition when a foreign body is inirocuded | or the proportion of its constituents is modified, then , that original character and qualities. The original form of ae pneeice meant to serve a definite purpose but the changed form is not suitable to the same purpose. Such modified form is termed as polluted or erated substance and the process of polluting a substance is called n. 2. Adverse Effects of Pollution ironmental pollution makes the environment harmful to human beings, plants, micro organisms, building and property- The the natural composition setances, it interferes with food chain, ecological cycle, carbon cycle, en cycle, hydrogen cycle and thus adversely affects the plant and animal jdom. Consequently the survival of living being becomes difficult and viecome, Not only living beings are affected by pollution but also the erty and buildings. living creatures, Je effect of pollution is that it causes damage to 3. Pollutants on 2 (b) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, ronmental pollutant’ means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance present auch concontretion astnay beens sion environment. A pollutant is defined as any form of energy or matter that causes éegradation and pollution in the existing natural balance of ecosystems: On the Basis of source a genesis pollutants are vivided into two main types 6: ()) ‘tural pollutants and (ii) Man-made pollutants. Natural pollutants are Sanageable because of the laws of homeostatic mechanism. But it is “ortunate thet man is not making any Permanent arrangement for pollutants Ode by hin ie pistes aa furtbes euvided On Te basis of visibility in "0 types viz, (i) Visi utants and (ii) Invisible pollutants. Visible Pees a ee tof ‘human volcanoes’ ( 's includ ke, gases, dust coming oul a a he wane ie or eewage water coming out - face sible ieee i ‘and human wastes etc. W Palins include several types of bacteria, t0xic ehemicals mixed water and tants, ‘ois quut® include several ccording to Sectire [| process ENVIRONMENTA\ ‘L POLLUTION ; *SOURCES AND CAUSES 3 es. Human population i is ' of anthropogenic pollenan, significant source of pollution because n are the creation of human activities. all “population growth is most domin; ‘underdevelopment are addi ‘ant factor responsible f i and additional sources epeigticn ee pollution. Poverty 5. Causes of Pollution Environment is compendious tei ic : rm which ae environment eer ist eae Se ‘otc (ole ent inc! otic or physical (land, air, ie @l ra Heit nial including man hie Berl voteadl nan ae components of life supporting layer—The al: coisa 8 reason of environmental pollution and hence environment a ae is af deteriorating relationship between man and fnvironment because of rapid rate exploitati nological development and industrial Sarai atanauors: AF ‘The processes and mechanisms which disturb the stability or equilibrium. of environment and consequently cause the environmental pollution are called the ‘es of environmental pollution. The stability of environmental pollution he balance between the production and consumption of each element in There is inbuilt self regulatory mechanism called tural eco-system through which any change in abiotic and biotic components in ts caused by natural processes is d natural ecosystem is -onmental change brought by the activities of man ‘esses is not suitably ‘compensated by Homeostatic ‘ronment, environmental pollution sets in. pede happens when the changes brought in the natural environment by the activities of man are conto and enormous and these ee ee va stirities of The capacity ite ame ee Seen = causes of pollution are being discussed under the following if (i) Population growth, (ii) Industrialisation, (iii) Agricultural Development, (iv) Urbanisation, and (v) Modern Productive technology: itis understoo 4 that growth of is the most (i) Population Growth.—G' tu in the present century, human population at alarming 73¥e i the Fry and ecological balance. i snvironmenta) ws regarding the exact dominant t cause of lowering the © vie! A vcting ideas am ca alter of fact there are lowering ©! eet ae oh Quality evi e na ; Plates: tion school failures of | coe vero moder technologies. The PE osion is the only ofthe opinion that the growe fof world population are off shoots of the Teason of environmental palaan while other re in water) an’ organisatio Biosphere. means # natural ecosystem. ‘Homeostatic mechanism’ in na! either of components of the environment ( production consumption ratio of the elemen counter balanced and the stability of the environment an maintained. When the envir or say by anthropogenic proc Mechanism of the natural env: |ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ucts of modern technologies such as plastics has become headache even fop the indcstrially effect of modem technologies is the problem of dlepaail of nuclear wae materiais coming out of nuclear reactor plants. Above all, the manufacturing of nuclear bombs is graveyard : the whole of the globe and entire biological community including human beings j will be destroyed due to nuclear holocaust and nuclear war within no time, 6. Types of pollution: Classification : pe a Gv tN Whi 2 The classification of environmental pollution is « difficult task pollutants and the media through which the pollutants are transported are all. inter-connected and inter-related. However, pollution may be classified from the point of view of object which is polluted. From this angle pollution may classified as elaborated below: a (A) Air Pollution; (B) Water Pollution; ‘ (C) Land Pollution; (D) Food Pollution; pt say (E) Radio-active Pollution and ff (F) Noise Pollution. (A) Air Pollution Air pollution is generally accomplished through air pollutants. The definition of air pollutant is given under Section 2 (9) of the Air Pollution Act, 1981. Section 2 (a) of the Air Pollution Act defines air pollutant as follows: “Air Pollutant means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance including noise present in the atmosphere in such concentration as may be or tend tobe injurious to human beings or living creatures or plants or property OF environment.” Section 2 (b) of the Air Act defines air pollution in the following words: “Air Pollution means the presence in the atmosphere of any air pollutant." For understanding air pollution, it is desirable to understand ition of air. ir.—Air is the mixture of gases forming the earth's atmosphe found several gases, mainly, nitrogen, oxygen, argan and carbon the "also present. Air is very important for all types of life in the biosphere. Huma? life is not possible without air because man can live for a few days without water or for a few weeks without food but cannot survive for a few minutes without air. The typical ingredients of the air are nowhere completely absent from the atmosphere. Atmosphere is roughly divided into five zones, They are following: re. In the — dioxide: ;, other trace that gases like neon, krypton, helium, hydrogen, xenon are — t ' I | i